Abstract
Introduction
Myxomas are the most frequent primary cardiac neoplasms. It is currently believed that myxomas are derived from multipotent mesenchymal cells capable of both neural and epithelial differentiation Histologically, these tumors are composed of dispersed cells within a stroma of mucopolysaccharides Myxomas produce vascular endothelial growth factor, which probably contributes to the growth induction at the initial stages of tumor growth. Tumors vary widely in size, ranging from 1 to 15 cm in diameter and weighing between 15 and 180 g. About 35 percent of myxomas are friable, and they tend to present emboli. The clinical characteristics of these tumors are closely related to their location, size, and mobility; there are no specific signs and symptoms that suggest the presence of a myxoma. There are several mechanisms by which cardiac tumors can cause symptoms. The blockage of circulation through the heart or heart valves produces symptoms of heart failure. Atrial myxoma can interfere with the valves of the heart and cause regurgitation. They can also produce systemic embolisms and constitutional signs.
Clinical Case
We present a 29-year-old female patient who started with fatigue, weight loss, increased abdominal perimeter and dyspnea of one month"s effort that progressed to dyspnea at rest in the last week associated with syncope, so she decided to go to the emergency department of our institution. Upon arrival at the emergency room, the patient was found with vital signs within normal parameters, however with dyspnea at rest, jugular plethora and important lower limb edema. On auscultation, a systolic-diastolic murmur was found with an increase in the Rivero Carvallo maneuver, with reinforcement of the pulmonary component of the second noise and parasternal high-left rise. In clinical analysis, NT-proBNP 5698pg/mL, AST 34, INR 1.65 and serum lactate of 4.2 was found. A Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) was performed, where a 10cm mass effusion was documented that occupied the entire right atrium and protruded into the right ventricular outflow tract. With these findings, medical treatment was started for right heart failure and it was to cardiac surgery for resection of the right atrium where it had been performed, however during the immediate postoperative state, presented biventricular failure and later asystole without achieving a return of spontaneous circulation despite resuscitation maneuvers.
Conclusion
In this case, it is an unusual presentation of a rare cardiac pathology that started with symptoms of right heart failure due to the obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. We consider that it is an interesting clinical case and with important educational aspects to take into consideration the differential clinical diagnoses of a patient presenting to the emergency department with right heart failure.
Abstract P234 Figure. Giant Myxoma
Metastatic adenocarcinoma involving the right ventricle and pulmonary artery leading to right heart failure: case report
