Structural and Ultrastructural Changes in Skeletal Muscle Associated with Long-Distance Training and Running

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (S 3) ◽  
pp. S156-S159 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kuipers ◽  
G. Janssen ◽  
F. Bosman ◽  
P. Frederik ◽  
P. Geurten
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Training

scholarly journals Lack of Skeletal Muscle Serotonin Impairs Physical Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117864692110031
Author(s):  
Marion Falabrègue ◽  
Anne-Claire Boschat ◽  
Romain Jouffroy ◽  
Marieke Derquennes ◽  
Haidar Djemai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deficient Mice

Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin have been associated with the onset of depression. While traditional treatments include antidepressants, physical exercise has emerged as an alternative for patients with depressive disorders. Yet there remains the fundamental question of how exercise is sensed by the brain. The existence of a muscle–brain endocrine loop has been proposed: according to this scenario, exercise modulates metabolization of tryptophan into kynurenine within skeletal muscle, which in turn affects the brain, enhancing resistance to depression. But the breakdown of tryptophan into kynurenine during exercise may also alter serotonin synthesis and help limit depression. In this study, we investigated whether peripheral serotonin might play a role in muscle–brain communication permitting adaptation for endurance training. We first quantified tryptophan metabolites in the blood of 4 trained athletes before and after a long-distance trail race and correlated changes in tryptophan metabolism with physical performance. In parallel, to assess exercise capacity and endurance in trained control and peripheral serotonin–deficient mice, we used a treadmill incremental test. Peripheral serotonin–deficient mice exhibited a significant drop in physical performance despite endurance training. Brain levels of tryptophan metabolites were similar in wild-type and peripheral serotonin–deficient animals, and no products of muscle-induced tryptophan metabolism were found in the plasma or brains of peripheral serotonin–deficient mice. But mass spectrometric analyses revealed a significant decrease in levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main serotonin metabolite, in both the soleus and plantaris muscles, demonstrating that metabolization of tryptophan into serotonin in muscles is essential for adaptation to endurance training. In light of these findings, the breakdown of tryptophan into peripheral but not brain serotonin appears to be the rate-limiting step for muscle adaptation to endurance training. The data suggest that there is a peripheral mechanism responsible for the positive effects of exercise, and that muscles are secretory organs with autocrine-paracrine roles in which serotonin has a local effect.

Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme adaptations in stressed human skeletal muscle of marathon runners

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Apple ◽  
M. A. Rogers ◽  
D. C. Casal ◽  
W. M. Sherman ◽  
J. L. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Isoenzyme Composition ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme composition was determined in serial gastrocnemius muscle biopsies obtained from 12 male marathon runners. The mean muscle CK-MB composition significantly increased after chronic exercise (training) from 5.3% (pretraining) to 7.7% (premarathon) as well as after acute exercise (postmarathon) to 10.5% of the total CK activity (P less than 0.05). However, no significant differences in total CK activities were detected. Additionally, mitochondrial CK and CK-BB isoenzymes were present in muscle homogenates. A significant correlation was observed in the increase in mean serum total CK (3,322 U/l) and CK-MB (174 U/l) activities 24 h after the race (r = 0.98, P less than 0.05). These results show that gastrocnemius muscle adapts to long-distance training and racing with increased CK-MB activities and imply that skeletal muscle is the major source of elevated serum CK-MB activities in marathon runners.

Early ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with mitochondrial myopathy

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Irene Lund ◽  
Sigurd Lindal ◽  
Olav Borud ◽  
Torberg Tobergsen ◽  
SveinIvar Mellgren
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Myopathy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Histology and Ultrastructural Changes in a Rodent Model

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 9081-9089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed ◽  
Sobhy M. Yakout
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Histology
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