This is a substantially revised version of the paper presented to the Symposium on Asian Economic Integration organized by Nanyang Technology University in Singapore, 4–5 September 2008. The author is grateful to Teresa Carpenter for providing comments on an earlier version and to Pradumna B. Rana for encouraging him to update the paper with the discussion of recent international financial architecture reforms in response to the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. He also acknowledges competent editorial assistance by Barnard Helman. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the paper are entirely those of the author alone and do not necessarily represent the views of the Asian Development Bank, its Institute, its executive directors, or the countries they represent.