The Soviet Union during the Great Depression: The Autarky Model

In the 1920s, Turkey was hard-pressed with difficulties on both the international and the domestic levels. The fledgling republic was isolated in international affairs, other than its friendship with the Soviet Union (Gürün 1991, pp. 103-32), and its borders were still far from being consolidated (Psomiades 1962, pp. 112-35; Newman 1927, pp. 81-83, 173-77). The Kurdish rebellions in the east, the top-down modernization efforts of the nationalists, and the ongoing settlement problems of many Turkish-Muslim immigrants who came from Greece through a population exchange, created uncertainty and instability within the country (Zürcher 1993, pp. 173-82).

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Claustrophobia: Totalitarianism and the Great Depression, 1920–1936

10.1093/oso/9780190497354.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-50

Author(s):

R. Keith Schoppa

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Great Depression ◽

Fast Track ◽

Good Life ◽

The Good Life ◽

Lu Xun ◽

Individual Control ◽

The Great Depression ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

The Great War

This chapter focuses on two of the three-tiered political identities, specifically the power of individual control (localism) and the force of nationalism. After the Great War, the 1920s roared with the possibilities of wealth, pleasure, the good life. Women seemed to be at the center of things: the “flapper,” homemaker, and female suffrage worlds. Yet national ambitions of Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union were put on the fast track of totalitarianism working by way of fascism, monarchical dictatorship, and communism. The policies of those four placed thousands of people in “iron houses” to be suffocated, or, more likely, executed. To deal with these tragedies, the long shot seemed perhaps to be the wide-ranging individualism of Lu Xun, the “duende” of Garcia Lorca, and the initiative of countless others to try to exorcise nationalism run amok.

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عروض مختصرة

الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) ◽

10.35632/citj.v6i24.2871 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (24) ◽

pp. 148-143

Author(s):

فتحي حسن ملكاوي

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

World War Ii ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Washington Dc ◽

University Of Minnesota ◽

New Politics ◽

The Great Depression ◽

Princeton University ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Christian Understanding

فرج، بسام. الفكر السياسي عند ابن تيمية. عمان: دار الياقوت، 2000، (506 صفحات). طه عبد الرحمن. سؤال الأخلاق: مساهمة في النقد الأخلاقي للحداثة الغربية. الدار البيضاء: المركز الثقافي العربي عام 2000 (240 صفحة). وصفي محمد رضا، الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر في إيران، بيروت: دار الجديد، 2001، (374 صفحة). بدوي عبد الفتاح، فلسفة العلوم. القاهرة: دار قباء 2001، (370 صفحة). عبد الوهاب المسيري، "العالم من منظور غربي" القاهرة: دار الهلال 2000، سلسلة كتاب الهلال رقم 602، (375 صفحة من القطع الصغير). تاريخ اسبانيا الإسلامية، تأليف ليفي بروفنسال، وترجمة علي عبد الرؤوف البنبي وعلي ابراهيم المنوفي وعبد الظاهر عبد الله، ومراجعة صلاح فضل. القاهرة: المجلس الأعلى للثقافة بمصر، سلسلة المشروع القومي للترجمة. 2000 (500 صفحة). انتوني جيدينز، قواعد جديدة لمنهج علم الاجتماع، ترجمة د. محمد مح الدين ومراجعة د. محمد الجوهري. القاهرة: المجلس الأعلى للثقافة، سلسلة المشروع القومي للترجمة بمصر، رقم 214. 2000 (205 صفحات). Emmanuel Maurice Wallerstein, The End of The World as We Know It: Social Science for the Twenty First Century. University of Minnesota Press. 2000, 248pp. Yaaacov Ro’I, Islam in the Soviet Union: From World War II to Perestroika. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 2000, 764pp. Harold James, The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press. 2001, 288 PP. Muslims and the West: Encounter and Dialogue, Edited by Zafar I. Ansari and John L. Esposito. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute and Washington DC: Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding 2001, 354 PP. Berghan, Volker R., America and the Intellectual Cold War in Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001, 362 pp. Shadid, Anthony. Legacy of the Prophet: Despots, Democrats, and the New politics of Islam. Westview, 2001, 340 pp. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

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Suomi Moskovasta nähtynä: Suurvaltapolitiikan, sisällissodan ja vallankumouksen leikkauspisteessä 1920–1930

10.21435/ht.285 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aappo Kähönen

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Right Wing ◽

The Great Depression ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Baltic Sea Region ◽

Soviet Foreign Policy ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Right ◽

Political Decision Making

The focus of this research is on Finland’s role in Soviet Union’s calculation of its foreign policy between 1920 and 1930. This was the first decade of both Finnish independence and of Soviet power in Russia. This book answers questions about the objectives of Soviet foreign policy in Finland, on the contacts used by the Soviet legation to obtain information, and on how well the Soviets understood Finland’s objectives. People interested in Finland and in Russian perspectives with regards to foreign policy and neighbouring countries will find much new in this book because it relies on formerly unpublished Russian archival material to form the basis for charting Soviet objectives in Finland. The book shows that the Soviets primarily observed Finland in a larger regional context along with other states on its borders in the Baltic Sea region. The global objectives of the revolution and the Soviet Union, but also the domestic political situation in both countries, are reflected on this framework. The period was characterized by forced collectivization in the Soviet Union and, in Finland, by the rise of the right-wing Lapua Movement that emerged at the onset of the Great Depression, laying the foundations for the most severe crisis in the relations during 1929–1930 when the issues surrounding these events destabilized simultaneously the society and political decision-making in both countries.

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Communist Party USA, 1919 to 1957

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.331 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

James R. Barrett

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Communist Party ◽

The United States ◽

Popular Front ◽

World War ◽

The Great Depression ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Communist Party Usa

The largest and most important revolutionary socialist organization in US history, the Communist Party USA was always a minority influence. It reached considerable size and influence, however, during the Great Depression and World War II years when it followed the more open line associated with the term “Popular Front.” In these years communists were much more flexible in their strategies and relations with other groups, though the party remained a hierarchical vanguard organization. It grew from a largely isolated sect dominated by unskilled and unemployed immigrant men in the 1920s to a socially diverse movement of nearly 100,000 based heavily on American born men and women from the working and professional classes by the late 1930s and during World War II, exerting considerable influence in the labor movement and American cultural life. In these years, the Communist Party helped to build the industrial union movement, advanced the cause of African American civil rights, and laid the foundation for the postwar feminist movement. But the party was always prone to abrupt changes in line and vulnerable to attack as a sinister outside force because of its close adherence to Soviet policies and goals. Several factors contributed to its catastrophic decline in the 1950s: the increasingly antagonistic Cold War struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States; an unprecedented attack from employers and government at various levels—criminal cases and imprisonment, deportation, and blacklisting; and within the party itself, a turn back toward a more dogmatic version of Marxism-Leninism and a heightened atmosphere of factional conflict and purges.

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The Finnish Great Depression of the 1990s: reconciling theory and evidence

The B E Journal of Macroeconomics ◽

10.1515/bejm-2018-0026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tero Kuusi

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Great Depression ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Sector Collapse ◽

Macroeconomic Theory ◽

Income Effects ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Economic Collapse ◽

Soviet Trade

Abstract This paper reconciles quantitative macroeconomic theory of the Finnish Great Depression and the empirical evidence. The main controversy is that the existing theoretical work assigns a larger role for the collapse of the trade with the Soviet Union than the empirical evidence would suggest. This paper argues that explaining the Finnish crisis warrants a model with involuntary unemployment, and that the collapse resulted mainly from increased financial constraints, not the Soviet trade collapse. While it has been argued and that a large Soviet-trade contribution would result from costly reallocation of resources away from the Soviet sector, and trade-induced income effects that hit the consumption in the domestic sector, this paper finds it hard to reconcile them with the actual evidence. The economic collapse was wide-spread, and the domestic sector collapse reflects decline in investment rather than consumption.

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