Determinants of Bilateral Trade Flows Between Vietnam and Trading Partner Countries – Gravity Model Approach

This study uses the gravity model to investigate the bilateral trade flows between Vietnam and 52 countries from 2001 through 2011. The data are collected from International Trade Centre (ITC), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank (WB). The results show that economic size, geographical distance, economic distance, technological innovation, trade openness, free trade agreement, population, exchange rate, and common border affect the bilateral trade flows between Vietnam and these 52 countries. More importantly, this study uses the speed-of-convergence method to find new potential trading partners for Vietnam, such as those in Africa and Southwest Asia.

Analysis of the Effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product, Total Population, Exchange Rate, and Interest Rate on Tax Revenue in North Sumatra Province

This study aims to determine and analyze of the effect of gross regional domestic product, total population, exchange rate, and interest rate on tax revenue in North Sumatra Province. This study uses secondary data with panel data type which is a combination of time series data and cross section data. The time series data is the period from 2015 to 2020, while the cross section data in this study contains 11 working area of the Directorate General of Taxes of Indonesia, North Sumatra Province. By using the EViews 11 software. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of gross regional domestic product, total population, exchange rate, and interest rate on tax revenue in North Sumatra Province. Partially, gross regional domestic product has a positive and significant effect on tax revenue, population has a positive but not significant effect on tax revenue, exchange rate has a negative and significant effect on tax revenue, and interest rate has a positive but not significant effect on tax revenue in North Sumatra Province. Keywords: Gross Regional Domestic Product, Total Population, Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Tax Revenue.

IMPACT OF INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN LOST ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE VISUALIZATION IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES

Technological developments in architectural visualization and advancements in digital applications that uses Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) platforms allows integration of digital technologies in heritage visualization more than ever before. Particular advantage of the integration of these digital technologies could be seen in the lost architectural and urban heritage visualization. Since these buildings or historic towns do not exist or simply altered in a way that the historical aspects of these heritage places could not be captured anymore, these digital technologies generates a valuable platform in order to experience these non-existing buildings as they were many years ago.One of the major objectives of this research was to assess the contribution of recapturing lost architectural heritage for cross cultural understanding, place-identity and heritage relationship. In order to assess this research question, participants were selected as population exchange descendants of 1923, that took place between Turkey and Greece. As one of the primary port of deportation and as major cultural and economic centres of early 1920s, Izmir and Thessaloniki provided valuable research area with their similar historical developments that resulted by the loss of many heritage buildings. Accordingly interviews, focus group studies and participant observation has been performed with conservation decision makers and population exchange descendants by using various digital models of lost historic buildings from Izmir and Thessaloniki. This allowed a comparative analysis of the impact of the use of digital technologies as part of heritage visualization of lost buildings.This paper aims to discuss the significance of using various digital technologies while visualizing lost architectural heritage in the particular case of post-conflict societies.

Commuting in metapopulation epidemic modeling

The COVID-19 pandemic led authorities all over the world to imposing travel restrictions both on a national and on an international scale. Understanding the effect of such restrictions requires analysis of the role of commuting and calls for a metapopulation modeling that incorporates both local, intra-community infection and population exchange between different locations. Standard metapopulation models are formulated as markovian processes, and as such they do not label individuals according to their original location. However, commuting from home to work and backwards (reverse commuting) is the main pattern of transportation. Thus, it is important to be able to accurately model the effect of commuting on epidemic spreading. In this study we develop a methodology for modeling bidirectional commuting of individuals, without keeping track of each individual separately and with no need of proliferation of number of compartments beyond those defined by the epidemiologic model. We demonstrate the method using a city map of the state of Israel. The presented algorithm does not require any special computation resources and it may serve as a basis for intervention strategy examination in various levels of complication and resolution. We show how to incorporate an epidemiological model into a metapopulation commuting scheme while preserving the internal logic of the epidemiological modeling. The method is general and independent on the details of the epidemiological model under consideration.

Genetic characterization and implications for conservation of the last autochthonous Mouflon population in Europe

Population genetic studies provide accurate information on population structure, connectivity, and hybridization. These are key elements to identify units for conservation and define wildlife management strategies aimed to maintain and restore biodiversity. The Mediterranean island of Sardinia hosts one of the last autochthonous mouflon populations, descending from the wild Neolithic ancestor. The first mouflon arrived in Sardinia ~ 7000 years ago and thrived across the island until the twentieth century, when anthropogenic factors led to population fragmentation. We analysed the three main allopatric Sardinian mouflon sub-populations, namely: the native sub-populations of Montes Forest and Mount Tonneri, and the reintroduced sub-population of Mount Lerno. We investigated the spatial genetic structure of the Sardinian mouflon based on the parallel analysis of 14 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and mitochondrial D-loop sequences. The Montes Forest sub-population was found to harbour the ancestral haplotype in the phylogeny of European mouflon. We detected high levels of relatedness in all the sub-populations and a mitochondrial signature of hybridization between the Mount Lerno sub-population and domestic sheep. Our findings provide useful insights to protect such an invaluable genetic heritage from the risk of genetic depletion by promoting controlled inter-population exchange and drawing informed repopulation plans sourcing from genetically pure mouflon stocks.

Ethnic Cleansing and Diplomacy: A View of the Greek-Turkish Exchange of Populations of 1923–24 from the US National Archives

This article is on the diplomatic processes leading to the decision to exchange populations between Greece and Turkey during the peace negotiations at the Lausanne Conference in 1923. The US National Archives has rich and hitherto unexploited archival material that encompasses the correspondence between Istanbul, Athens and the US Department of State. As the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives is still closed to researchers, US diplomatic correspondence gives a clear picture of how Greek and Turkish statesmen, as well as intermediaries such as the representatives of the League of Nations, developed and accomplished the idea of population exchange in 1922–23.

Trends and factors of the demographic development of Tver oblast in the 20th — early 21st centuries

The article summarizes the reproductive and migration development of one of the most demographically-disadvantaged regions of Russia — Tver oblast, where depopulation has been taking place for more than 50 years. Thus, in 30 years, from January 1989 to January 2019, the population of Tver oblast, as well as its population in working age, decreased by 1.3 times, the number of women of the most active reproductive age (20-39 years) — by 1.5 times. The factors of this negative process are substantiated in the article. First, during the War of 1941-1945 this territory was occupied for three years and became the site of some of the bloodiest battles of this war, including the Battle of Rzhev. Second, from the region in the pre-revolutionary and post-war Soviet times actively went the settlement of the rear and suburban regions, first of all, North European and Asian Russia. Third, the region is on the way between the two main migration recipients («magnets») of Russia — the Moscow and Leningrad macroregions, and its population is steadily decreasing due to outflow to two capitals. The article reveals the extent of demographic, including migration, losses of the region in the later Soviet and post-Soviet times. The circle of the closest migration partners of Tver oblast and the nature of population exchange with them are identified. Changes in the direction and closeness of the region's migration links over the past fifty years have been investigated. The origin of structural waves in the sex-age pyramid of Tver oblast for a century has been substantiated. It is argued to what demographic structural and socio-economic consequences such development of the region has led to. It is concluded about the place and prospects of Tver oblast and its population in modern market economy Russia.

Longhand Lines of Flight: Cataloging Displacement in a Karamanli Refugee's Commonplace Book

This essay examines a handwritten refugee ballad in a handmade codex, using both to illuminate some of the lingering blind spots in national philology and world literature. The ballad, printed in full after the essay, belongs to the Karamanli Christians of Anatolia, who spoke Turkish but wrote it in the Greek alphabet. Uprooted from Turkey by the Greco-Turkish Population Exchange of 1923, Karamanli refugees were scattered across Greece and North America, where they were often excluded from publishing. Poets like the author of the present ballad, Agathangelos, turned instead to more accessible manuscript formats. I interpret Agathangelos's ballad and codex as a catalog, documenting and preserving his lost homeland, where multiple scriptworlds, languages, and confessions coexisted. I conclude by calling for a people’s history of the book to decentralize and democratize world literature’s political economy (tacitly accepted as print capitalism), foregrounding textual networks that have remained illegible to our discipline.