White Ball/Black Ball

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
L. John Gable ◽  
John W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
White Ball ◽  
Black Ball

Planning the Black Ball Line, 1817

1967 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Robert G. Albion
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
First Line ◽  
Black Ball

A manuscript letter of prime significance in maritime history has recently come into the possession of The Marine Historical Association, Mystic, Connecticut. Contained in the letter copybook of Jeremiah Thompson, who took the prime initiative in developing the Black Ball Line of sailing packets and of bringing southern cotton up the coast to New York to provide eastbound cargoes for them, is a letter pertaining to the inauguration of the first line of regularly scheduled sailing packets. In this particular letter, reproduced below, Thompson and his three Quaker associates outline in detail to the two firms who, they hoped, would handle the Liverpool end of the shuttle, their plans for their project which would have the all-important effect of introducing the principle of “line” or “berth” service, with ships sailing on regular schedule between two ports.

The state of Ireland in the 1820s: James Cropper's plan

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (67) ◽  
pp. 320-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Charlton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Black Ball ◽  
The People ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

In 1825 there was published in Liverpool a pamphlet of 59 pages entitled The present state of Ireland, with a plan for improving the position of the people. Its author was James Cropper, a quaker merchant of that city and senior partner of the firm Cropper, Benson and Co. As a young man he had been apprenticed to the firm of Rathbone, Benson and Co., living and working in the small circle of liberal radicals in the city, of whom the Rathbones, the Binns and the Roscoes were perhaps the most famous. In 1799 he had set up business on his own account, and later joined in partnership with another quaker, Thomas Benson, son of Rathbone's partner, as Cropper, Benson and Co. The firm engaged in a wide variety of commission trading, but increasingly specialized in cotton imports from the United States of America, acting also as the Liverpool agent for the Black Ball line of packets which from 1818 provided the first regular passenger sailings between New York and Liverpool. As an ‘ American ’ merchant in Liverpool, Cropper helped to form the American chamber of commerce in the port, serving as treasurer and later as president. Besides his trading activities Cropper was a founder-director of the Liverpool-Manchester Railyway and he also invested heavily in the New York State canal system.

Hot Jazz and Black Ball

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Shawn Selby
Keyword(s):  
Black Ball

Sir William Jones and The Club

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Black Ball ◽  
Sir William Jones

The Club was an exclusive society; admission to it was eagerly sought, but not very easily obtained; election was by ballot and one black ball excluded; many eminent men, among them Gibbon, Lord Camden, Beilby Porteus, Bishop of Chester, Conversation Sharp, George Canning, and Samuel Rogers were temporarily or permanently refused admission, even Edmond Malone, who became its treasurer and “great Corner Stone”, had to make two or three attempts to get into it. To this society William Jones, aged 26, in the spring of 1773, was elected.

Relationship of Eye Color to Professional Baseball Players' Batting Statistics Given on Bubblegum Cards

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 632-634
Author(s):  
John Beer ◽  
Joe Beer
Keyword(s):  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Batting Average ◽  
Black Ball ◽  
Relationship Of

139 professional baseball players who appeared on Topps bubble gum cards (copyright 1987) were subjects. The players, whose printed eye colors could be identified from their photographs, were sorted into three categories of 45 dark-eyed white players, 27 light-eyed white players, and 67 black players. The statistics on the backs of the cards were dependent measures and included: Games, At Bat, Runs, Hits, Second Base, Third Base, Home Runs, Runs Batted In, Stolen Bases, SLG, Bunts, Strike Outs, and Batting Average. Analyses of variance performed on the data with light-eyed white and dark-eyed white players as independent variables yielded no significant effects for any of the statistics. Further analysis with light- and dark-eyed white players combined and black players as independent variables showed that black ball players scored more third-base hits, stole more bases, and had better batting averages than white players.

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