Using On-Road Data to Correct Underestimations of Fuel Consumption of Motorcycles from Laboratory Tests

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chang Wen ◽  
Hsin-Yi Chen ◽  
Chih-Wei Chuang ◽  
Yu-Wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Road Data

An Investigation of the Fuel Economy of a Drive Cycle Developed Using the Road Load Energy Criterion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vasquez ◽  
Edwin Quiros ◽  
Gerald Jo Denoga ◽  
Robert Michael Corpus ◽  
Robert James Lomotan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Energy Error ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Road Data

Abstract Efforts to mitigate climate change include lowering of greenhouse gas emissions by reducing fuel consumption in the transport sector. Various vehicle technologies and interventions for better fuel economy eventually require chassis dynamometer testing using drive cycles for validation. As such, the methodology to generate these drive cycles from on-road data should produce drive cycles that closely represent actual on-road driving from the fuel economy standpoint. This study presents a comparison of the fuel economy measured from a drive cycle developed using road load energy as a major assessment criterion and the actual on-road fuel economy of a 2013 Isuzu Crosswind utility vehicle used in the UV Express transport fleet in Metro Manila, Philippines. In this approach to drive cycle construction from on-road data, the ratio of the total road load energy of the generated drive cycle to that of the on-road trip is made the same ratio as their respective durations. On-road velocity and fuel consumption were recorded as the test vehicle traversed the 42.5 km. Sucat to Lawton route and vice versa in Metro Manila. Gathered data were processed to generate drive cycles using the modified Markov Chain approach. Three drive cycles of decreasing duration, based on the practicality of testing on a chassis dynamometer, were generated using three arbitrary data compression ratios. These drive cycles were tested using the same vehicle on the chassis dynamometer and compared with the on-road data using road load energy, fuel economy, average speed, and maximum acceleration. For the 893-seconds drive cycle generated, the road load energy error was 3.93% and fuel economy difference of 1.14%. For the 774-seconds cycle generated, the road load energy error was 4.34% and fuel economy difference was 0.91%. For the 664-seconds drive cycle, the road load energy error was 3.68% and fuel economy difference was 0.91%. On-road fuel economy for the 42.5-km. route averaged over nine round trips was 8.785 km/L. Based on the results, the road load energy criterion approach of drive cycle construction methodology can generate drive cycles which can very closely estimate on-road fuel economy.

Evaluation of Auxiliary Device Efficiency in Heavy Vehicle Application

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Sjostedt ◽  
Jan Wikander ◽  
Henrik Flemmer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Power Steering ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Cooling Fan ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Road Data ◽  
Auxiliary Device

To investigate the energy consumption related to auxiliary devices, as a basis for optimizing the auxiliary systems’ layout and identifying potential for fuel consumption reduction, a study has been carried out at Scania CV AB. The following auxiliary devices have been investigated: Alternator, water pump, cooling fan, air compressor, air conditioning compressor, oil pump and power steering pump. Those auxiliary devices represent 5–7% of the total fuel consumption in long haulage truck applications, while for a city bus the figure could be as high as 50%. One of the challenges of evaluating the fuel consumption of auxiliary devices is the variance: it depends on many factors including road data, driver profile, ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, precipitation) and more. To investigate this variance, test data collected from the Scania test fleet has been analyzed. The data are used as input to a MATLAB/Simulink model of the auxiliary systems. This way, a large population of trucks has been investigated, for many driving cycles under realistic conditions. A general model for reducing fuel consumption for auxiliary systems has been developed.

scholarly journals Understanding the origins and variability of the fuel consumption gap: lessons learned from laboratory tests and a real-driving campaign

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pavlovic ◽  
G. Fontaras ◽  
M. Ktistakis ◽  
K. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
D. Komnos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Lessons Learned

Critical limb ischaemia in diabetes: definition, assessment, prognosis

VASA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement 58) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Luther
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Arterial Reconstruction ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Diabetic Foot Disease ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Fontaine Classification

In diabetic foot disease, critical limb ischaemia (CLI) cannot be precisely described using established definitions. For clinical use, the Fontaine classification complemented with any objective verification of a reduced arterial circulation is sufficient for decision making. For scientific purposes, objective measurement criteria should be reported. Assessment of CLI should rely on the physical examination of the limb arteries, complemented by laboratory tests like the shape of the PVR curve at ankle or toe levels, and arteriography. The prognosis of CLI in diabetic foot disease depends on the success of arterial reconstruction. The best prognosis for the patients is with a preserved limb. Reconstructive surgery is the best choice for the majority of patients.

The Reliability of Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Potts ◽  
Robin Law ◽  
John F. Golding ◽  
David Groome
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Test Items ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that the retrieval of an item from memory impairs the retrieval of related items. The extent to which this impairment is found in laboratory tests varies between individuals, and recent studies have reported an association between individual differences in the strength of the RIF effect and other cognitive and clinical factors. The present study investigated the reliability of these individual differences in the RIF effect. A RIF task was administered to the same individuals on two occasions (sessions T1 and T2), one week apart. For Experiments 1 and 2 the final retrieval test at each session made use of a category-cue procedure, whereas Experiment 3 employed category-plus-letter cues, and Experiment 4 used a recognition test. In Experiment 2 the same test items that were studied, practiced, and tested at T1 were also studied, practiced, and tested at T2, but for the remaining three experiments two different item sets were used at T1 and T2. A significant RIF effect was found in all four experiments. A significant correlation was found between RIF scores at T1 and T2 in Experiment 2, but for the other three experiments the correlations between RIF scores at T1 and T2 failed to reach significance. This study therefore failed to find clear evidence for reliable individual differences in RIF performance, except where the same test materials were used for both test sessions. These findings have important implications for studies involving individual differences in RIF performance.

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

Reliability of Laboratory Tests for the Control of Oral Anticoagulation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
E. A Loeliger ◽  
M. J Boekhout-Mussert ◽  
L. P van Halem-Visser ◽  
J. D. E Habbema ◽  
H de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Power Of The Test ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Low Sensitivity

SummaryThe present study concerned the reproducibility of the so-called prothrombin time as assessed with a series of more commonly used modifications of the Quick’s onestage assay procedure, i.e. the British comparative reagent, homemade human brain thromboplastin, Simplastin, Simplastin A, and Thrombotest. All five procedures were tested manually on pooled lyophilized normal and patients’ plasmas. In addition, Simplastin A and Thrombotest were investigated semiautomatically on individual freshly prepared patients’ plasmas. From the results obtained, the following conclusions may be drawn :The reproducibility of results obtained with manual reading on lyophilized plasmas is satisfactory for all five test procedures. For Simplastin, the reproducibility of values in the range of insufficient anticoagulation is relatively low due to the low discrimination power of the test procedure in the near-normal range (so-called low sensitivity of rabbit brain thromboplastins). The reproducibility of Thrombotest excels as a consequence of its particularly easily discerned coagulation endpoint.The reproducibility of Thrombotest, when tested on freshly prepared plasmas using Schnitger’s semiautomatic coagulometer (a fibrinometer-liJce apparatus), is no longer superior to that of Simplastin A.The constant of proportionality between the coagulation times formed with Simplastin A and Thrombotest was estimated at 0.64.Reconstituted Thrombotest is stable for 24 hours when stored at 4° C, whereas reconstituted Simplastin A is not.The Simplastin A method and Thrombotest seem to be equally sensitive to “activation” of blood coagulation upon storage.

Rapid Screening Methods for Bleeding Disorders. A Three Year Survey

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A Lovric ◽  
J Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Kaolin Clotting Time ◽  
In Infants And Children

SummaryAn adaptation of “kaolin clotting time” and prothrombin time for use on haemolysed capillary blood provided simple and sensitive screening tests suitable for use in infants and children. A survey of three year’s experience shows that these are reliable routine laboratory tests for detection of latent coagulation disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document