This chapter assesses peripheral vascular disease. It begins with acute limbic ischaemia; chronic upper limb ischaemia; chronic lower limb ischaemia; intermittent claudication; and critical limb ischaemia. The chapter then turns to aneurysms; ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm; vascular developmental abnormalities; carotid disease; vasospastic disorders; varicose veins; deep venous thrombosis; and thrombolysis. It also considers the diabetic foot and amputations, as well as complications in vascular surgery. Complications may occur in the perioperative, early, or late post-operative periods. In general, vascular patients are older and have increased cardiac, cerebral, pulmonary, and renal comorbidities. This is due to the associated risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and smoking.