scholarly journals Application of Willingness-to-Pay Methods to Value Transport Externalities in Less Developed Countries

10.1068/a3324 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2007-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios Ortúzar ◽  
Luis A Cifuentes ◽  
Huw C W L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for cleaner water in less developed countries: systematic review of experimental evidence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Null ◽  
◽  
Jorge Garcia Hombrados ◽  
Michael Kremer ◽  
Robyn Meeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries

'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhu
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

Inverting the Pyramid of Values? Trends in Less-Developed Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (S3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virginia Halter ◽  
Maria Cecilia Coutinho de Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries

Transfer of Technology to Nigeria and the Patents and Designs Act 1970

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
S. K. Date-Bah
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technology Transfer Process ◽  
Transfer Of Technology

The patent system has been claimed to be one of the ways of facilitating the transfer of technology from the industrialised North to the less developed countries of the South. It is by no means the only way in which this can be done. For one thing, not all technology is patented. Also, quite often before a patented process can be successfully worked there is need for the transfer of unpatented know-how along with the technology covered by the patent. Besides, it is not the patent itself which enables the transfer of the technology; rather, by making the title and exclusive rights of the patentee secure, it emboldens him to transfer his technology to others for commercial exploitation. Nevertheless, the patent is an important factor in the technology transfer process. As one United Nations report has put it:

Socialism in less developed countries: Two comments

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. Díaz-Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries
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