A pragmatic approach to the planning of crop development projects in less developed countries with particular reference to the procurement of goods and services and the calculation of benefits and costs

Sustainable development and sustainable housing indicators are a response to the trend of adopting sustainable development objectives, adopted by most countries, especially developed and less developed countries. It is difficult to implement indicators developed for a developing country context in other contexts with different social, economic and environmental conditions. Social sustainability is the most important priority regarding evaluating the housing development projects in the developed and less developed countries. Economic conditions is linked in many aspects to the social sustainability indicators. Environmental indicators are important, but the less developed countries in general has a very low environmental foot prints, this is because the industry sector is usually week comparing to the developed countries. This paper reviews the sustainable housing indicators, with a focus on United Nations reports and indicators developed for contexts similar to study area, without ignoring the most reputable indicators developed for developing countries context. The research came with a set of indicators reflects the social priorities of the new housing development in Sudan. A questionnaire participants decided the relative important of each indicator and also the importance of the parameters of each indicator. Developing a set of social priorities for Sudan will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area. Description of the questionnaire results which reflects the national social sustainable housing development priorities are discussed. The researches came with a set of recommendations to enhance the social aspects for new housing development projects in Sudan. Using this set of priorities and recommendations will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area.

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A NEW APPEOACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF THE SHADOW EXCHANGE RATE IN EVALUATING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Oxford Economic Papers ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041282 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 192-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RAVEENDRA BATRA ◽

STEPHEN GUISINGER

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Development Projects ◽

Less Developed Countries ◽

Shadow Exchange Rate

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The demography of globalisation

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences ◽

10.4102/sajems.v4i3.2655 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 426-444

Author(s):

J. L. Sadie

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Less Developed Countries ◽

Host Countries ◽

Global Village ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Cross Border ◽

Economic Globalisation

Demographic globalisation, as the counterpart of economic globalisation, is interpreted as the movement towards a state depicted as the "global village" where there are no official impediments to the cross-border movement of people. Such movement is posited as the outcome of inter-country disequilibria which determine the levels of the propensity to migrate. Relevant problems are addressed such as whether the international trade in goods and services can serve as substitute for migration of labour (accompanied or unacompanied by dependents); demographic complementarity between more and less developed countries; the type of labour demanded by countries of immigration; demographically perverse migratory flows; the socio-economic problems ensuing from the formation of numerically strong ethnic minorities in host countries; and what the outlook is for the realisation, in demographic terms, of a global village mode.

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'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v12i3pp.315-316 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 315-316

Author(s):

G. M. Radhu

Keyword(s):

Multinational Corporations ◽

World Trade ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Business Practices ◽

Less Developed Countries ◽

International Firms ◽

The World ◽

The Sixties ◽

Financial Power ◽

Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

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Features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region

Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine ◽

10.36818/2071-4653-2019-3-3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Viktoriya Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Economic Theory ◽

Economic Development ◽

National Economy ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Market ◽

Production Costs ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Suburban Areas ◽

The World

The level of economic development of entrepreneurship in any country in the world is crucial in increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the world market of goods and services. The activities of economic entities are the driving force for the sustainable development of regions and their suburban areas, and they also impact the welfare of population. The article dwells on the analysis of scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. According to the well-known classics of the fundamental economic theory of entrepreneurship development (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, V. Laungard, A. Loria) the peculiarities of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban territories of the region are determined by the possibility of distribution of surplus production, minimum production costs per unit of production, availability of labor resources. In modern economic theory (M. Weber, A. Pre, S.M. Kimelberg, E. Williams, C. Vlachou, O. Iakovidou, J. van Dijk, P. Pellenbarg) the development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region can be determined by institutional, innovation, technological, social, ecological and other features of the economy at the regional, state or world levels. The complex and comprehensive generalization of the features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas is proposed. There are (1) the type of decision taken by an enterprise to carry out business activities in the relevant suburban area of the region, and (2) the influence of internal and external factors on economic activity. The article argues that large enterprises are guided by more objective decision-making reasons, attaching the most importance to the physical and innovative environment. Medium and small enterprises are mainly focused on getting benefits for the entrepreneur in the short-term time period and location in the nearest geographic area. The attention was paid to the tools of ensuring economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region, taking into account institutional changes in the national economy and the experience of developed countries of the world.

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