Intelligence Factors in the Perception of Form through a Moving Slit

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Rock ◽  
E Sigman
Keyword(s):  
Line Segment ◽  
Narrow Slit ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Proximal Stimulus ◽  
Short Line Segment ◽  
Elegant Solution

When a narrow slit moves over a line figure (or the equivalent stimulus is simulated by a short line segment appropriately displacing within a moving slit), observers often perceive an extended figure although the stimulus information is ambiguous. In several experiments it is shown that the perception of a figure tends to occur, provided the stimulus information is compatible with the perceptual ‘solution’ of a figure revealed by a moving aperture: the visible segment of the figure must completely fill the aperture, the surround of the aperture must appear to be opaque and extend an adequate distance on both sides, the aperture must be perceived as an opening rather than as a figure, and, if the slope of the segment is visible, it must change appropriately from moment to moment. Thus the outcome can be thought of as an intelligent, elegant solution to the problem posed by the transforming proximal stimulus.

Global smoothing of short line segment toolpaths by control-point-assigning-based geometric smoothing and FIR filtering-based motion smoothing

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 107908
Author(s):  
De-Ning Song ◽  
Jian-Wei Ma ◽  
Yu-Guang Zhong ◽  
Jian-Jun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Line Segment ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Fir Filtering ◽  
Short Line Segment ◽  
Global Smoothing

scholarly journals A Short Line Segment Squirms Along a Zigzag Line

i-Perception ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ito ◽  
Xie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Line Segment ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Zigzag Line ◽  
Short Line Segment

Velocity Control Method for Continuous Short Line Segment High-Speed Machining Based on Transition of Parametric Spline

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2407-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bing Zhang ◽  
You Peng You ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Machining Efficiency ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Spline Curves ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Short Line Segment ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

To enhance the velocity profile’s smoothness and machining efficiency of continuous short line segments, a velocity smooth control algorithm was presented based on the transition of cubic parametric spline curves. The transitional mathematical model was constructed, and an improved S-shaped jerk-limited acceleration/deceleration algorithm with look-ahead was adopted for smoother velocity profiles. The simulation and experiment results showed that machining efficiency was greatly improved, and smoother velocity profile was achieved, which approved the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

The Reality of Experience: Gibson's Way

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Flach ◽  
John G. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Proximal Stimulus ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures

This paper considers some first principles that might provide a basis for an objective science of experience (presence or immersion). Dimensions that are considered include classical Newtonian measures of the distal stimulus, changes in neural mechanisms reflecting the proximal stimulus, information theoretic measures of the statistical properties of events, and functional properties related to intentions and abilities. Gibson's ecological framework is suggested as a promising functional approach for defining the reality of experience in relation to the problem of designing virtual environments. This approach emphasizes the tight coordination between perception and action and fixes the measurement coordinate system relative to the capacity for action.

Size Constancy in Children: A New Interpretation

Perception ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Shallo ◽  
Irvin Rock
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Proximal Stimulus ◽  
New Interpretation

Existing evidence indicates that there are differences between children and adults in size constancy when observation distances are large. Findings are reported which suggest that this phenomenon is based on a difference in the accessing of proximal stimulus information, which, in the case of size, refers to visual angle subtended. Age differences were found when a traditional size constancy task was used, but these differences disappeared when all the comparison objects subtended the same visual angle. Since this finding demonstrates that young children can make accurate size matches, it is suggested that the underconstancy previously reported is not necessarily the result of childrens' inability to use fully certain cues to distance. Rather, the findings suggest that children access proximal stimulus information more spontaneously than do adults.

A locally optimal transition method with analytical calculation of transition length for computer numerical control machining of short line segments

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2409-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Du ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Li-Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Line Segment ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Approximation Error ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Transition Length

Line segments, or G01 codes, generated by computer-aided manufacturing softwares are the most widely used toolpath format for computer numerical control systems. The linear toolpath normally consists of thousands of short line segments due to the high-accuracy requirement of the machined parts. Due to the tangential and the curvature discontinuities at the junction of two segments, the feedrates at the start and the end points of line segment have to be slowed down. In order to increase the feedrates along short line segments, a locally optimal transition method is proposed, which uses a two-step strategy to generate a blended toolpath composed of cubic Bezier curves and line segments. In the first step, the optimal proportional coefficient is represented as the function of the angle between two adjacent line segments, which can be employed to minimize the curvature variation energy of the cubic Bezier curve. In the second step, the local optimization model with the aim to minimize the sum of two curvature extrema is established to determine the optimal transition length. The transition length can be analytically obtained under the constraint of the approximation error and the constraints of the line segment lengths. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate that, by comparison with the conventional transition methods, the proposed method can significantly decrease the machining time but does not increase the contouring error.

ANALYSIS OF MONITORING DATA ON THE OPERATION OF PV-INVERTERS CONNECTED TO DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
A. Gaevskii ◽  
V. Bodnyak ◽  
A. Gaevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Equivalent Representation ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Short Line Segment ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Pv Generation

The article deals with the problems of the PV plants operation in the low voltage network (LVN), namely the influence of PV generation on bus voltages and stability of network, as well as disconnecting the inverters from network in order to avoid overvoltages. The operating of PV inverter tied to LVN is considered on the framework of the reduced two-bus equivalent circuit. One bus of this circuit describes the inverter which is connected to the step-up transformer via short line and second one is the equivalent representation of LVN. The reduced two-bus circuit in contrast to the multi-bus schemes has exact solutions for power flows between PV plant and network. The analytical solutions obtained for this model allows us to determine the voltage stability region, the disconnecting conditions from the network (islanding), the dependence of the bus voltages on the levels of generation and load. On the base of this model, the monitoring data for power and output voltages of three-phase Growatt 30 kW inverter were analyzed. The inverter is tied to LVN by a relatively short line segment with known parameters which is typical for private and small industrial photovoltaic systems. The stable operation of PV plant in the network depends on the ratio of generation and consumption levels at the bus on the plant side, as well as on the capacity of the connecting line. Under analyzing of an overvoltage in the inverter bus appearing due to large solar radiation, one should take into account the limited inverter’s possibility to reduce the output power by changing the operating point on the curve “voltagepower”. The article performs the optimization calculations which determine the parameters characterizing the inverter and line capacity. The developed method for analyzing monitoring data of modern inverters can be a useful tool in solving problems of PV plant equipment diagnostics, as well as of predicting the electricity amount supplied to the network.

Less is more: Simple stimuli provoke more variable search strategies.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nowakowska ◽  
Alasdair D F Clarke ◽  
Jessica Christie ◽  
Josephine Reuther ◽  
Amelia R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Line Segment ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Efficient Search ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Dramatic Shift

We measured the efficiency of 30 participants as they searched through simple line segment stimuli and through a set of complex icons. We observed a dramatic shift from highly variable, and mostly inefficient, strategies with the line segments, to uniformly efficient search behaviour with the icons. These results demonstrate that changing what may initially appear to be irrelevant, surface-level details of the task can lead to large changes in measured behaviour, and that visual primitives are not always representative of more complex objects.

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