Relating Semantics for Epistemic Logic

The aim of this paper is to explore the advantages deriving from the application of relating semantics in epistemic logic. As a first step, I will discuss two versions of relating semantics and how they can be differently exploited for studying modal and epistemic operators. Next, I consider several standard frameworks which are suitable for modelling knowledge and related notions, in both their implicit and their explicit form and present a simple strategy by virtue of which they can be associated with intuitive systems of relating logic. As a final step, I will focus on the logic of knowledge based on justification logic and show how relating semantics helps us to provide an elegant solution to some problems related to the standard interpretation of the explicit epistemic operators.

Disease ontologies for knowledge graphs

Background Data integration to build a biomedical knowledge graph is a challenging task. There are multiple disease ontologies used in data sources and publications, each having its hierarchy. A common task is to map between ontologies, find disease clusters and finally build a representation of the chosen disease area. There is a shortage of published resources and tools to facilitate interactive, efficient and flexible cross-referencing and analysis of multiple disease ontologies commonly found in data sources and research. Results Our results are represented as a knowledge graph solution that uses disease ontology cross-references and facilitates switching between ontology hierarchies for data integration and other tasks. Conclusions Grakn core with pre-installed “Disease ontologies for knowledge graphs” facilitates the biomedical knowledge graph build and provides an elegant solution for the multiple disease ontologies problem.

An Elegant Solution to a Ruptured Right Aberrant Subclavian Artery after Oesophageal Stent Removal

Arterioenteric or arteriotracheal fistula is a known complication of an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and is often associated with prolonged nasogastric or endotracheal intubation or oesophageal stenting. Fistula formation from the ARSA can present unexpectedly with rapid exsanguination with massive haemoptysis or haematemesis, and unless promptly recognised and treated is rapidly fatal. We present a novel endovascular method for treating a fistula between the oesophagus, trachea and an ARSA in an unstable patient following oesophageal stent removal, utilising a covered iliac limb stent, eliminating the need for an open surgical approach.

Our Anti-Intellectual Property Rights System

The chapter explains why, properly used, intellectual property rights (IPR) are an elegant solution to the real problems of the inappropriability and indivisibility of innovation. Under free market conditions, these factors lead to a situation in which it is just not worth it to innovate, since even if successful, the innovator will not be able to enjoy high enough profits to recoup the initial investment. The theory behind IPR is that by granting them we can diminish the problems of inappropriability and indivisibility, and thus stimulate innovation. However, the positive welfare outcomes of innovation happen only when it is widely diffused and produces a lot of spillovers, which by definition do not generate profits. Accordingly, solutions that give too strong and full property rights risk slowing down innovation. As such, those solutions can become a cure that is worse than the disease. Sadly, we have come to a point where our patent, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets systems favor the incumbent and the rich and stifle innovation. For locales, existing IPR act as a punitive restriction on their companies and entrepreneurs’ freedom to operate. Accordingly, communities that wish to enjoy sustained innovation-based growth must game the system to protect their innovators’ freedom to operate. The chapter concludes with a few promising venues by which communities can transform weaknesses into strength. These examples aim to highlight the many ways to go forward even under the current conditions of a broken and dysfunctional global IPR system.

Deck Prisms and Vault Lights

Sometime around 1800 sailing ships started using large pieces of glass embedded in the deck to bring much-needed illumination to the “tween decks” region. It was a simple and elegant solution to a common problem. The pieces of glass used were too thick to fracture easily, and they made use of an otherwise unwanted by-product of the glass industry. But why do the reproductions that are now sold in gift stores feature what must have been a rather dangerous downward-protruding sharp point in something that was to be used in the notoriously low-ceilinged lower deck? How did these Deck Prisms develop, and what is their relationship to the similar Vault Lights used in cities around the same time?

A Refutation Of Special Relativity: II. Charge Particle Motion in Magnetic and Electric Fields

Models for the radiation damping force of a charged particle in a magnetic or electric field by means of a flux-proportional Lentz force has been shown to be an elegant solution for the inward spiraling trajectories under magnetic fields, and the speed limited trajectories under electric fields. Our phenomenological formulation of the damping force in a magnetic field requires a new attenuation coefficient, α, that has only been evaluated using experimental data, but whose pure theoretical evaluation may lead to improved understanding of the mechanism of electron damping in electromagnetic fields. We believe that the synchrotron radiation and its observed coherence is already sufficient experimental evidence for our modeling of radiation damping. It is hoped that our model could be applied to improve the designs of free electron lasers as well as the design of particle accelerators.

Route Planning: B

There is a class of control problems that admit a particularly elegant solution: the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problems. In these problems, the state dynamics and observations are linear, the cost is quadratic, and the noise is Gaussian. Section 14.1 explains the theory of LQG problems when one observes the state. Section 14.2 discusses the situation when the observations are noisy and shows the remarkable certainty equivalence property of the solution. Section 14.3 explains how noisy observations affect Markov decision problems.

Silver Tower Brussels – Adaptative outriggers

<p>Outrigger systems are commonly used in the design of tall buildings to increase their lateral stiffness and resistance capacity. Recently, new applications for outrigger systems have appeared, such as providing additional damping or acting as fuses under earthquake conditions. While their main purpose varies from one project to another, the problem related to differential displacements between the core and the peripheral columns remains a constant.</p><p>This paper aims at exploring various technical aspects considered in the design of the Silver Tower (Brussels) and, more specifically, the design of its outrigger system. It will show how the proposed system presents an effective and elegant solution to free the outrigger system of the lock-in forces due to differential settlements. Also, aspects related to the foundation system, the performed wind tunnel tests and the dynamic response of the tower will be discussed.</p>

Unattainability of the trans-Planckian regime in nonlocal quantum gravity

Based on the ultraviolet asymptotic freedom of nonlocal quantum gravity, we show that the trans-Planckian energy regime is unattainable in laboratory experiments. As physical implications, it turns out that the violation of causality, typical of nonlocal field theories, can never be detected in particle accelerators, while the asymptotic freedom of the theory provides an elegant solution to the so called trans-Planckian cosmological problem.