Endogenous Shifts of Covert Attention Operate within Multiple Coordinate Frames: Evidence from a Feature-Priming Task

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3298 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug J K Barrett ◽  
Mark F Bradshaw ◽  
David Rose
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Nonspatial Attributes ◽  
Egocentric Representation ◽  
Feature Priming

The locations of visual objects and events in the world are represented in a number of different coordinate frameworks. For example, a visual transient is known to attract (exogenous) attention and facilitate performance within an egocentric framework. However, when attention is allocated voluntarily to a particular visual feature (ie endogenous attention), the location of that feature appears to be variously encoded either within an allocentric framework or in a spatially invariant manner. In three experiments we investigated the importance of location for the allocation of endogenous attention and whether egocentric and/or allocentric spatial frameworks are involved. Primes and targets were presented in four conditions designed to vary systematically their spatial relationships in egocentric and allocentric coordinates. A reliable effect of egocentric priming was found in all three experiments, which suggests that endogenous shifts of attention towards targets defined by a particular feature operate in an egocentric representation of visual space. In addition, allocentric priming was also found for targets primed by their colour or shape. This suggests that attending to targets primed by nonspatial attributes results in facilitation that is localised in more than one coordinate frame of spatial reference.

Failure to Update the Egocentric Representation of the Visual Space Through Labyrinthine Signal

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blouin ◽  
G.M. Gauthier ◽  
J.L. Vercher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Egocentric Representation

scholarly journals Bullet trains and steam engines: Exogenous attention zips but endogenous attention chugs along

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chakravarthi ◽  
R. VanRullen
Keyword(s):  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention

scholarly journals Neural correlates of endogenous attention, exogenous attention and inhibition of return in touch

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 2389-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Jones ◽  
Bettina Forster
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention

scholarly journals Sounds are remapped across saccades

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Szinte ◽  
David Aagten-Murphy ◽  
Donatas Jonikaitis ◽  
Luca Wollenberg ◽  
Heiner Deubel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Space Constancy ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Saccade Trajectory

AbstractTo achieve visual space constancy, our brain remaps eye-centered projections of visual objects across saccades. Here, we measured saccade trajectory curvature following the presentation of visual, auditory, and audiovisual distractors in a double-step saccade task to investigate if this stability mechanism also accounts for localized sounds. We found that saccade trajectories systematically curved away from the position at which either a light or a sound was presented, suggesting that both modalities are represented in eye-centered oculomotor centers. Importantly, the same effect was observed when the distractor preceded the execution of the first saccade. These results suggest that oculomotor centers keep track of visual, auditory and audiovisual objects by remapping their eye-centered representations across saccades. Furthermore, they argue for the existence of a supra-modal map which keeps track of multi-sensory object locations across our movements to create an impression of space constancy.

scholarly journals Spatial distance of target locations affects the time course of both endogenous and exogenous attentional deployment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Geweke ◽  
Emilia Pokta ◽  
Viola S. Störmer
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
Target Locations

Spatial attention can be deployed exogenously, based on salient events in the environment, or endogenously, based on current task goals. Numerous studies have compared the time courses of these two types of attention, and have demonstrated that exogenous attention is fast and transient and endogenous attention is relatively slow but sustained. In the present study we investigated whether and how the temporal dynamics of exogenous and endogenous attention differ in terms of where attention is deployed in the visual field, in particular at locations nearby or far from fixation. Across a series experiments, we measured attentional shift times for each type of attention, and found overall slower deployment of endogenous relative to exogenous attention, in line with previous research. Importantly, we also consistently found that it takes longer to deploy attention at more distant locations relative to nearby locations, regardless of how attention was instigated. Overall, our results suggest that the temporal limits of attentional deployment across different spatial distances are similar for exogenous and endogenous attention, pointing to shared constraints underlying both attentional modes.

scholarly journals Differential impact of endogenous and exogenous attention on activity in human visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dugué ◽  
Elisha P. Merriam ◽  
David J. Heeger ◽  
Marisa Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Involuntary Attention ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Fmri Analysis

AbstractHow do endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary) attention modulate activity in visual cortex? Using ROI-based fMRI analysis, we measured fMRI activity for valid and invalid trials (target at cued/un-cued location, respectively), pre- or post-cueing endogenous or exogenous attention, while participants performed the same orientation discrimination task. We found stronger modulation in contralateral than ipsilateral visual regions, and higher activity in valid- than invalid-trials. For endogenous attention, modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue increased along the visual hierarchy, but was constant due to a post-cue. For exogenous attention, modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue was constant along the visual hierarchy, but was not modulated due to a post-cue. These findings reveal that endogenous and exogenous attention distinctly modulate activity in visuo-occipital areas during orienting and reorienting; endogenous attention facilitates both the encoding and the readout of visual information whereas exogenous attention only facilitates the encoding of information.

scholarly journals Longitudinal touchscreen use across early development is associated with faster exogenous and reduced endogenous attention control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Portugal ◽  
Rachael Bedford ◽  
Celeste H. M. Cheung ◽  
Luke Mason ◽  
Tim J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Attention Control ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Video Gamers ◽  
Attentional Difficulties ◽  
Future Work

AbstractChildhood screen time is associated with both attentional difficulties (for television viewing) and benefits (in action video gamers), but few studies have investigated today’s pervasive touchscreen devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets), which combine salient features, interactive content, and accessibility from toddlerhood (a peak period of cognitive development). We tested exogenous and endogenous attention, following forty children who were stable high (HU) or low (LU) touchscreen users from toddlerhood to pre-school. HUs were slower to disengage attention, relative to their faster baseline orienting ability. In an infant anti-saccade task, HUs displayed more of a corrective strategy of orienting faster to distractors before anticipating the target. Results suggest that long-term high exposure to touchscreen devices is associated with faster exogenous attention and concomitant decreases in endogenous attention control. Future work is required to demonstrate causality, dissociate variants of use, and investigate how attention behaviours found in screen-based contexts translate to real-world settings.

scholarly journals Separable neuronal contributions to covertly attended locations and movement goals in macaque frontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. eabe0716
Author(s):  
Adam Messinger ◽  
Rossella Cirillo ◽  
Steven P. Wise ◽  
Aldo Genovesio
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Motor Intention ◽  
Symbolic Cues

We investigated the spatial representation of covert attention and movement planning in monkeys performing a task that used symbolic cues to decouple the locus of covert attention from the motor target. In the three frontal areas studied, most spatially tuned neurons reflected either where attention was allocated or the planned saccade. Neurons modulated by both covert attention and the motor plan were in the minority. Such dual-purpose neurons were especially rare in premotor and prefrontal cortex but were more common just rostral to the arcuate sulcus. The existence of neurons that indicate where the monkey was attending but not its movement goal runs counter to the idea that the control of spatial attention is entirely reliant on the neuronal circuits underlying motor planning. Rather, the presence of separate neuronal populations for each cognitive process suggests that endogenous attention is under flexible control and can be dissociated from motor intention.

scholarly journals Associations and Dissociations between Oculomotor Readiness and Covert Attention

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soazig Casteau ◽  
Daniel T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Exogenous Orienting ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Endogenous Orienting ◽  
Covert Orienting ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Premotor Theory

The idea that covert mental processes such as spatial attention are fundamentally dependent on systems that control overt movements of the eyes has had a profound influence on theoretical models of spatial attention. However, theories such as Klein’s Oculomotor Readiness Hypothesis (OMRH) and Rizzolatti’s Premotor Theory have not gone unchallenged. We previously argued that although OMRH/Premotor theory is inadequate to explain pre-saccadic attention and endogenous covert orienting, it may still be tenable as a theory of exogenous covert orienting. In this article we briefly reiterate the key lines of argument for and against OMRH/Premotor theory, then evaluate the Oculomotor Readiness account of Exogenous Orienting (OREO) with respect to more recent empirical data. These studies broadly confirm the importance of oculomotor preparation for covert, exogenous attention. We explain this relationship in terms of reciprocal links between parietal ‘priority maps’ and the midbrain oculomotor centres that translate priority-related activation into potential saccade endpoints. We conclude that the OMRH/Premotor theory hypothesis is false for covert, endogenous orienting but remains tenable as an explanation for covert, exogenous orienting.

Reflexive Shifts of Covert Attention Operate in an Egocentric Coordinate Frame

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3165 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug J K Barrett ◽  
Mark F Bradshaw ◽  
David Rose ◽  
John Everatt ◽  
Peter J Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Object Based

Covert shifts of attention have been shown to improve detection and discrimination thresholds for a range of visual stimuli. Although there is some evidence to suggest that the allocation of attention to a particular region of interest occurs in a retinotopic frame of reference, the importance of an allocentric, or object-based, framework has gained widespread empirical support. The current experiment investigates the nature of the spatial representation in which covert shifts of attention occur in response to a reflexive prime. Primes and targets were presented in four conditions designed to vary systematically the validity of the spatial relationship between the prime and target in egocentric or allocentric coordinate frameworks. A significant advantage, in terms of reaction time and correct identification, was found for targets located in positions previously primed in an egocentric (but not allocentric) framework whereas there was no advantage for locations primed in an allocentric (but not egocentric) framework. These results suggest that the allocation of covert spatial attention within an egocentric framework may be more important than previously thought.

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