The inheritance of shank colour in single comb White Leghorn and Australorp fowls

Evidence has been presented in the literature on the mode of inheritance of shank colour in various breeds of chickens, but little has hitherto been known about the same aspect in an Australian breed, the Black Australorp. Observations on the incidence of shank colour in different types of crosses between yellow-shanked White Leghorns and black-shanked Australorps are reported in this paper. According to the observations made by other workers on White Leghorn and other breeds, a hypothesis is advanced regarding the genes involved in determining shank colour in the White Leghorn and Australorp. A genetical analysis of the observations made by the authors on 847 single crosses, 71 backcrosses, and 31 zig-zag crosses is presented and shows close statistical agreement with the hypothesis. A genetical formula, including four autosomal and two sex-linked genes, is suggested which would explain the mode of inheritance of shank colour in White Leghorns and Australorps.

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Breeding

International Review of Poultry Science ◽

10.1017/s1877965400001974 ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-74

Keyword(s):

Rhode Island ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Red Cross ◽

List Type ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Pure Strain ◽

Wing Feather ◽

White Leghorns ◽

Growth Method ◽

Single Comb

Crossbred Poultry. Hybrid Vigor. D. C. Warren, Agricultural Experimental Station, Manhattan, Kansas. Bulletin, 252.Summary:1.Crosses between the Single Comb White Leghorn and Jersey Black Giant showed the resulting hybrids to be superior to the two pure breeds in all measurements of vigor.2.The results from the Single Comb White Leghorn-Single Comb Rhode Island Red cross showed the hybrids to be generally superior to the pure breeds, but in a few comparisons the hybrids only equalled the better of the two breeds involved.3.The crosses of Single Comb White Leghorns by Barred Plymouth Rocks and of Single Comb Rhode Island Reds by Barred Plymouth Rocks produced hybrids that in each case were superior to the pure breeds involved, for chick mortality and rate of growth, these being the only criteria of vigor considered.4.Crosses between independently bred strains of Single Comb White Leghorns produced offspring that were in some respects superior to the pure strain progeny, but the degree of stimulation did not appear to be so great as in the crosses of different breeds.5.Sex of chicks may be distinguished at hatching by means of sex-linked down colours in crossbred chicks.6.The new method utilising the growth of wing feathers at hatching is slightly less accurate for identifying the sexes, but has certain advantages over the down-colour method.7.The advantages of the wing feather growth method are that it makes available the White Leghorn breed, which is widely popular and well bred for production; it produces a white hybrid; and greatly extends the list of breeds available for crossing to distinguish sex at hatching.8.The superior vigour of some hybrids probably makes them more economical than most pure breeds for the poultryman whose major income is from market poultry and eggs.

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SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON CAGED SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN LAYERS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas76-088 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 733-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. E. SEFTON ◽

D. C. CROBER

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Behavioral Response ◽

Egg Production ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Individual Bird ◽

Cage Size ◽

White Leghorns ◽

Single Comb

Pullets from two-way crosses between three highly inbred lines of Single Comb White Leghorns were housed in two sizes of commercial laying cages, two pullets per cage. Individual bird egg production records were kept when birds were 68–72 wk of age. During this period, peck order within each cage, fearfulness and body weight of each individual were determined. Differences between matings for fearfulness, body weight and egg production were not significant. However, in the case of egg production, both the mating × cage size and mating × cage tier interactions were significant. The genotype × environment interactions were interpreted to be due, in part, to varied behavioral response to the environment. Dominant birds had both a higher rate of egg production and heavier body weight than their subordinate cage mates. Birds housed in the larger cages (516 cm2 per bird) were less fearful than those in the smaller cages (412 cm2 per bird). Lower fearfulness was associated with higher egg production.

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Effect of Water Softening, Watering Devices, and Dietary Salt Level on the Performance of Caged Single Comb White Leghorn Laying Hens

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0651866 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 1866-1871 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W.B. ROUSH ◽

M. MYLET

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Water Softening ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Salt Level ◽

Single Comb

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Quantitative and Qualitative Protein Changes in the Developing Single Comb White Leghorn Chicken Embryo

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0510313 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 313-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.A. Asmar ◽

P.L. Pellett ◽

Nur Hariri ◽

M.D. Hariri

Keyword(s):

Chicken Embryo ◽

White Leghorn ◽

White Leghorn Chicken ◽

Single Comb

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Production of somatic and germline chimeras in the chicken by transfer of early blastodermal cells

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.108.1.185 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 185-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J.N. Petitte ◽

M.E. Clark ◽

G. Liu ◽

A.M. Verrinder Gibbins ◽

R.J. Etches

Keyword(s):

Inbred Line ◽

Cell Lineage ◽

Donor Cell ◽

Black Pigment ◽

Dominant Allele ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Sperm Dna ◽

Donor Cells ◽

White Leghorns ◽

Blastodermal Cells

Cells were isolated from stage X embryos of a line of Barred Plymouth Rock chickens (that have black pigment in their feathers due to the recessive allele at the I locus) and injected into the subgerminal cavity of embryos from an inbred line of Dwarf White Leghorns (that have white feathers due to the dominant allele at the I locus). Of 53 Dwarf White Leghorn embryos that were injected with Barred Plymouth Rock blastodermal cells, 6 (11.3%) were phenotypically chimeric with respect to feather colour and one (a male) survived to hatching. The distribution of black feathers in the recipients was variable and not limited to a particular region although, in all but one case, the donor cell lineage was evident in the head. The male somatic chimera was mated to several Barred Plymouth Rock hens to determine the extent to which donor cells had been incorporated into his testes. Of 719 chicks hatched from these matings, 2 were phenotypically Barred Plymouth Rocks demonstrating that cells capable of incorporation into the germline had been transferred. Fingerprints of the blood and sperm DNA from the germline chimera indicated that both of these tissues were different from those of the inbred line of Dwarf White Leghorns. Bands that were present in fingerprints of blood DNA from the chimera and not present in those of the Dwarf White Leghorns were observed in those of the Barred Plymouth Rocks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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