scholarly journals Ontogeny of Cells Containing Insulin, Glucagon, Pancreatic Polypeptide Hormone and Somatostatin in the Bovine Pancreas

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Reddy ◽  
RB Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Polypeptide Hormone ◽  
Islet Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽  
Endocrine Cell Type ◽  
Bovine Pancreas ◽  
Histochemical Procedure

Antibodies to insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone (pPj and somatostatin were used in the immunofluorescence histochemical procedure to study the ontogeny of pancreatic endocrine cells containing the four hormones in the bovine fetus of approximately 100 days gestation to term. Pancreatic sections from the bovine neonate and adult were also examined for the cellular distribution of the four hormones. Immunoreactive cells staining for insulin, glucagon, PP and somatostatin were present in the pancreas of all fetuses studied. Each endocrine cell type displayed a characteristic distribution within the developing pancreas and in the neonate and adult. The presence of the four islet hormones relatively early in bovine fetal life suggests that they may be important in intra- and extra-islet metabolism in the fetus.

The distribution of endocrine cell progenitors in the gut of chick embryos

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
B. B. Rawdon ◽  
Beverley Kramer ◽  
Ann Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cell ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Intact Embryo ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽  
Gut Endocrine Cells

The aim of this experiment was to find out whether or not, at early stages of development, progenitors of the various types of gut endocrine cells are localized to one or more specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Transverse strips of blastoderm two to four somites in length were excised between the levels of somites 5 and 27 in chick embryos at 5- to 24-somite stages and were cultured as chorioallantoic grafts. The distribution of endocrine cells in the grafts revealed confined localization of progenitor cells only in the case of insulinimmunoreactive cells. Theprogenitors of cells with somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide-, glucagon-, secretin-, gastrin/CCK-, motilin-, neurotensin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivity were distributed along the length of the presumptive gut at the time of explantation; indeed, in many cases they were more widespread than are their differentiated progeny in normal gut of the same age. This finding indicates that conditions in grafts must differ from those that operate in the intact embryo. Also it may explain the occurrence of ectopic gut or pancreatic endocrine cells in tumours of the digestive tract.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical study of the distribuition of endocrine cells in the pancreas of the Brazilian sparrow species Zonotrichia Capensis Subtorquata (Swaison, 1837)

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Nascimento ◽  
A Sales ◽  
TRD Cardoso ◽  
NL Pinheiro ◽  
RMM Mendes
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Zonotrichia Capensis ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽  
Avian Pancreatic Polypeptide

In the present study, we investigated types of pancreatic endocrine cells and its respective peptides in the Brazilian sparrow species using immunocytochemistry. The use of polyclonal specific antisera for somatostatin, glucagon, avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), YY polypeptide (PYY) and insulin, revealed a diversified distribution in the pancreas. All these types of immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreas with different amounts. Insulin- Immunoreactive cells to (B cells) were most numerous, preferably occupying the central place in the pancreatic islets. Somatostatin, PPA, PYY and glucagon immunoreactive cells occurred in a lower frequency in the periphery of pancreatic islets.

Coexistence of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-and glucagon-immunoreactivity in pancreatic endocrine cells of mouse

1987 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. W. M. Rombout ◽  
M. E. Abad ◽  
F. M. Peeze Binkhorst ◽  
J. J. Taverne-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽  
Glucagon Immunoreactivity

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of chromogranin A-derived peptides in bovine gut, pancreas and adrenal medulla

1991 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Watkinson ◽  
A C Jönsson ◽  
M Davison ◽  
J Young ◽  
C M Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽  
Gastric Corpus ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin ◽  
Bovine Pancreas

Chromogranin A is produced in many endocrine cell types, and is widely used as a marker in endocrine-cell pathology and secretory-cell biology. There is some evidence that it may be proteolytically processed to yield the putative pancreatic regulatory peptide, pancreastatin, and, in order to characterize the relevant pathways in gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine cells, we have used, in radioimmunoassay, site-directed antibodies to pancreastatin itself (L331) and to a sequence of chromogranin A immediately C-terminal to pancreastatin (L300). The latter antibody revealed three major forms of immunoreactivity of 8 kDa and five peptides of approx. 3 kDa in bovine pancreas and gut extracts. The 8 kDa peptides were characterized as chromogranin A-(248-313)-peptides, i.e. C-terminally extended forms of pancreastatin; two of the 8 kDa variants differed in two positions, confirming a polymorphism predicted from cDNA sequencing. One of the 3 kDa peptides was characterized as chromogranin A-(297-313)-peptide, i.e. the C-terminal heptadecapeptide of the 8 kDa peptide that would be liberated after cleavage to yield pancreastatin. On the basis of chromatographic studies, immunohistochemistry and the stoichiometry of different immunoreactive peptides, three different pathways of chromogranin A processing were identified: in adrenal chromaffin cells chromogranin A existed mainly as the unmodified intact protein, in pancreatic islet and gastric antral endocrine cells pancreastatin and the 3 kDa peptides were major products, but in small intestine and gastric corpus endocrine cells there was little nor no pancreastatin and the 8 kDa cleavage product predominated. There are therefore important differences in the distribution of chromogranin A-derived peptides between quite closely related populations of endocrine cells that are attributable not only to variable post-translational cleavage but also to the expression of different primary sequences. It seems possible that in different cell types chromogranin A-derived peptides might subserve a variety of different functions.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Adult Hepatic Stem-Like Cells into Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Yamada ◽  
Kunihiko Terada ◽  
Yasuharu Ueno ◽  
Toshihiro Sugiyama ◽  
Masaharu Seno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

To apply cell transplantation for treatment of diabetes mellitus, a sufficient number of β-cell sources are required. In the present study, we examined whether an epithelial cell line obtained from normal adult rat liver, namely hepatic stem-like (HSL) cells, which can be converted to both hepatocytes and billiary epithelial cells, could be a potential β-cell source. The growth speed of HSL cells was rapid and these cells were easily expanded in vitro. Bipotential hepatic stem cells, HSL cells, also expressed PGP9.5, which is expressed in neurons, β-cells, and progenitor cells of the pancreatic endocrine cells as well. Sodium butyrate induced morphological changes in HSL cells and converted them into flattened cells with large cytoplasm. When HSL cells were incubated with a combination of 5 mM sodium butyrate and 1 nM betacellulin, most of the cells were converted into morphologically neuron-like cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that a series of transcriptional factors involved in differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells was induced by the treatment with sodium butyrate and betacellulin. mRNAs for insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were also observed. Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and insulin were detected in sodium butyrate and betacellulin-treated HSL cells. In conclusion, HSL cells obtained from adult normal liver also have the potential to differentiate into pancreatic endocrine cells in vitro. HSL cells may be one of the potential β-cell sources for cell transplant therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes.

The effect of pancreatic mesenchyme on the differentiation of endocrine cells from gastric endoderm

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kramer ◽  
A. Andrew ◽  
B.B. Rawdon ◽  
P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cell ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Pancreatic Insulin ◽  
Somatostatin Cells ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Gut Endocrine Cells

To determine whether mesenchyme plays a part in the differentiation of gut endocrine cells, proventricular endoderm from 4- to 5-day chick or quail embryos was associated with mesenchyme from the dorsal pancreatic bud of chick embryos of the same age. The combinations were grown on the chorioallantoic membranes of host chick embryos until they reached a total incubation age of 21 days. Proventricular or pancreatic endoderm of the appropriate age and species reassociated with its own mesenchyme provided the controls. Morphogenesis in the experimental grafts corresponded closely to that in proventricular controls, i.e. the pancreatic mesenchyme supported the development of proventricular glands from proventricular endoderm. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells and cells with pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity differentiated in the pancreatic controls. The latter three endocrine cell types, together with neurotensin and bombesin/gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP) cells, developed in proventricular controls and experimental grafts. The proportions of the major types common to proventriculus and pancreas (somatostatin and glucagon cells) were in general similar when experimental grafts were compared with proventricular controls but different when experimental and pancreatic control grafts were compared. Hence pancreatic mesenchyme did not materially affect the proportions of these three cell types in experimental grafts, induced no specific pancreatic (insulin) cell type and allowed the differentiation of the characteristic proventricular endocrine cell types, neurotensin and bombesin/GRP cells. However, an important finding was a significant reduction in the proportion of bombesin/GRP cells, attributable in part to a decrease in their number and in part to an increase in the numbers of endocrine cells of the other types. This indicates that mesenchyme may well play a part in determining the regional specificity of populations of gut endocrine cells.

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