scholarly journals Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Energetic Compounds. 64 Years of Fascinating Chemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Wentrup
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Dust ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diazo Compounds ◽  
Energetic Compounds ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sulfur Containing

This essay details the author’s work with high-energy molecules based on sulfur or nitrogen, or both, which started with amateur rocket propellants like zinc dust and sulfur followed by experiments with the highly sensitive compounds nitrogen trichloride and fulminating gold. Research on the inorganic and organic fulminates and the isomeric cyanates led to detailed investigations of reactive intermediates generated by flash vacuum pyrolysis or photolysis, in particular nitrenes and carbenes derived from azides, diazo compounds, triazoles, and tetrazoles and characterized in low temperature matrices.

ChemInform Abstract: Application of Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis to the Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Heteroaromatic Systems.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (27) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Koichi Imamura ◽  
Daigo Hirayama ◽  
Hitoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Kazuo Takimiya ◽  
Yoshio Aso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Sulfur Containing

scholarly journals Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Hong-Gang Zhang ◽  
Ya-Qi Zhuo ◽  
Xiao-Min Zhang ◽  
Leng Zhang ◽  
Piao-Yang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fullerene C60 ◽  
Quartz Tube ◽  
Graphite Tube ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ultrahigh Temperature

The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C60. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited to ~1250 °C, which is not sufficient to overcome the high energy barriers of some reactions. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature FVP (UT-FVP) apparatus with a controllable operating temperature of up to 2500 °C to synthesize fullerene C60 from a nonaromatic single carbon reactant, i.e., chloroform, at 1350 °C or above. Fullerene C60 cannot be obtained from CHCl3 using the traditional FVP apparatus because of the limitation of the reaction temperature. The significant improvements in the UT-FVP apparatus, compared to the traditional FVP apparatus, were the replacement of the quartz tube with a graphite tube and the direct heating of the graphite tube by impedance heating instead of indirect heating of the quartz tube using an electric furnace. Because of the higher temperature range, UT-FVP can not only synthesize fullerene C60 from single carbon nonaromatic reactants but sublimate some high-molecular-weight compounds to synthesize larger curved PAHs in the future.

Flash-Vacuum Pyrolysis of Sulfur-Containing Cyclic Derivatives

2007 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
J. Drabowicz ◽  
P. Kiełbasiński ◽  
M. Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Sulfur Containing

ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES PART 26, FLASH VACUUM PYROLYSIS OF PHENYL-SUBSTITUTED 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES, A NEW SYNTHESIS OF ISOINDOLES

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
THOMAS L. GILCHRIST ◽  
CHARLES W. REES ◽  
COLIN THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
New Synthesis

Application of flash vacuum pyrolysis to the synthesis of sulfur-containing heteroaromatic systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 2789-2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Imamura ◽  
Daigo Hirayama ◽  
Hitoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Kazuo Takimiya ◽  
Yoshio Aso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Synthesis of possible o-thioquinone methide precursors

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill A Kolmakov ◽  
A Jerry Kresge
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Synthetic Accessibility ◽  
Electron Donating Groups ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Investigating the synthetic accessibility of o-thioquinone methide precursors containing electron donating groups, we prepared four methyl- and methoxy-substituted 2H-benzo[b]thiete derivatives by means of flash vacuum pyrolysis of the corresponding benzooxathiinone species. Methyl- and methoxy-substituted substrates proved to be compatible with the pyrolysis protocol. The pyrolysis can be performed at considerably lower temperatures and with higher yields than in previously reported syntheses of nonsubstituted 2H-benzo[b]thiete. Under proper conditions the reaction products can be isolated in excellent yields and with 100% purity, so the troublesome purification of temperature sensitive and volatile 2H-benzo[b]thiete derivatives becomes unnecessary. The sulfur-containing compounds so obtained are efficient o-thioquinone methide precursors and possible synthones for heterocyclic chemistry.Key words: 2H-benzo[b]thietes, flash vacuum pyrolysis, methyl-substituted, methoxy-substituted, o-thioquinone methide precursors.

Maleimide-Fused Cyclobutadienes and Dewar Furans: Trapping With Dienes as a Route to Propellane Photosubstrates With Potential for Oxiren Production

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Warrener ◽  
GM Elsey ◽  
IG Pitt ◽  
RA Russell
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Am1 Calculations ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis

N-Methylmaleimide-fused cyclobutadiene (15) and its 1,2-dimethyl derivative (41) have been generated by zinc/titanium tetrachloride treatment of the vicinal dibromide (39) and (24) respectively. Prior epoxidations of (24) and (39) produce mixtures of dibromo epoxides which yield the related N-methylmaleimide-fused Dewar furans (16) and (17) upon similar debromination (Zn/TiCl4). None of these reactive intermediates is sufficiently stable for direct observation, but each was trapped in adduct form by Diels-Alder reaction with furan. Attempts to form fused Dewar furan (17) by flash vacuum pyrolysis of the furan adduct (34) led to the production of the isomeric furo [3,4-c] pyrrole (43), the structure of which was confirmed by separate synthesis. Stereochemical assignments have been made to most adducts, and AM1 calculations have been used to predict the stereoselectivities and facial selectivities in these cycloaddition reactions. Reaction of these Dewar furans with cyclopentadienones produced propellanes which were decarbonylated to their respective cyclohexadienes and used as photosubstrates for the generation of oxiren or dimethyloxiren . Attempts to trap oxiren, generated by photolysis of propellane (12), with isobenzofuran were unsuccessful.

Sulfonyl isocyanides RSO2NC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Wentrup ◽  
Horst Briehl
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis

Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of 5-azido-1-aryltetrazoles results in triple N<sub>2</sub> elimination and formation of aryl isocyanides RNC, which rearrange in part to aroylnitriles RCN under the reaction conditions. Similar FVP of 5-azido-1-arenesulfonyltetrazoles generates a compound absorbing in the IR spectrum (77 K) at 2090 cm<sup>-1 </sup>and assigned the structure of arenesulfonyl isocyanide, ArSO<sub>2</sub>NC <b>11</b>. FVP at temperatures above 600 <sup>o</sup>C results in progressively more nitrile ArSO<sub>2</sub>CN <b>12</b>. Compound <b>11</b> also disappears on warming above -80 <sup>o</sup>C

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