Variation for kernel number and related traits in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Simona Bassu ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Coefficient ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Assessing the existence and extent of genetic variation in kernel number per m2 (KNO) and in KNO-related traits is necessary both for overcoming sink limitations through breeding and in order to correctly model triticale grain yield. A set of 112 advanced breeding lines derived from various crosses between winter and spring hexaploid triticales was grown for 2 years in a field experiment to evaluate genetic variation and heritability for KNO, chaff weight per m2 at maturity (CHAFFW) and number of kernels per unit weight of chaff (K/CHAFF). Genetic correlations were also calculated between these traits and grain weight and yield. K/CHAFF (but not CHAFFW) exhibited a high level of genetic variation and a low contribution of the genotype by environment interaction component to the overall variance and was highly heritable. There was no detectable genetic correlation between K/CHAFF and CHAFFW; however, K/CHAFF was correlated with KNO (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). K/CHAFF fulfils the major requirements of an indirect screening trait for KNO and of a genetic coefficient in modelling.

The genetic variation in the timing of heteroblastic transition in Eucalyptus globulus is stable across environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hamilton ◽  
P. A. Tilyard ◽  
D. R. Williams ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
T. J. Wardlaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Analyse Data

Eucalyptus globulus is one of the best known examples of a heteroblastic plant. It exhibits a dramatic phase change from distinctive juvenile to adult leaves, but the timing of this transition varies markedly. We examined the genetic variation in the timing of heteroblastic transition using five large open-pollinated progeny trials established in north-western Tasmania. We used univariate and multi-variate mixed models to analyse data on the presence/absence of adult or intermediate foliage at age 2 years from a total of 14 860 trees across five trials, as well as height to heteroblastic phase change from one trial. Up to 566 families and 15 geographic subraces of E. globulus were represented in the trials. The timing of the heteroblastic transition was genetically variable and under strong genetic control at the subrace and within-subrace level, with single-trial narrow-sense heritability estimates for the binary trait averaging 0.50 (range 0.44–0.65). The degree of quantitative trait differentiation in the timing of heteroblastic transition among subraces, as measured by QST, exceeded the published level of neutral molecular marker (FST) differentiation in all cases, arguing that diversifying selection has contributed to shaping broad-scale patterns of genetic differentiation. Most inter-trial genetic correlations were close to one at the subrace and additive genetic levels, indicating that the genetic variation in this important developmental change is expressed in a stable manner and that genotype-by-environment interaction is minimal across the environments studied.

scholarly journals Die Selektion auf Wurfgröße beim Schwein

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-570
Author(s):  
M. Bösch ◽  
R. Rohe ◽  
H. Looft ◽  
E. Kalm
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Component Estimation ◽  
Account Due ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Selection for litter size in swine The present paper deals with the estimation of genetic parameter for litter size of two purebred lines 03 and 04 in order to choose the optimal model for variance component estimation. Data from nucleus and multiplier farms from 1989 to 1997 of a North-German breeding Company were observed. 9,957 litter records from 3,423 sows of line 03 and 5,045 litter records from 2,009 sows of line 04 were collected. The 404 sires of line 03 had an average of 8.5 daughters and the 285 sires of line 04 had an average of 7,0 daughters. Litter size were different between both lines, 9.6 (3.2) and 10.1 (3.4) for line 03 and 04, respectively. Genetic correlations between litters of parity 1, 2 and 3 were rg > 0,81 on high level. Also, in bivariate analysis high correlations rg > 0,88 were estimated for both lines. This model takes the matemal effect for the first parity and the permanent environment in subsequent parities into account. Due to the results a repeatability model may be appropiate for breeding values of litter size. Estimation of genotype by environment interaction showed different heritabilities between farms. Genetic corrlation was on moderate level (rg = 0,61) between two farms for line 04, other estimates ranged between rg = 0,73 and 0,97.

scholarly journals Branching Pattern in Successive Generations of Peanuts Arachis hypogaea L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
C. Harkness ◽  
D. J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Successive Generations

Abstract Variation in branching pattern was studied in six Virginia group peanut cultivais (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea). Lines with genetically distinct branching patterns differing from the normal pattern were readily found in two of the cultivars. These variable lines showed no yield advantage over the normal lines. It was concluded that there is considerable genetic variation for branching pattern in Virginia peanuts. The variation could be ascribed to a range of modifier genes which can change the normal pattern of branching. There were indications of a strong environmental effect on branching pattern and of a genotype by environment interaction.

scholarly journals Genetic variation, heritability and genotype by environment interaction of morphological traits in a tetraploid rose population

BMC Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia W Gitonga ◽  
Carole FS Koning-Boucoiran ◽  
Kathryn Verlinden ◽  
Oene Dolstra ◽  
Richard GF Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment

scholarly journals Identification of Spring Barley Breeding Lines With Superior Yield Performance and Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-958
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Hudzenko ◽  
Tetiana Polishchuk ◽  
Oleksandr Demydov ◽  
Mykola Sardak ◽  
Nataliia Buniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Main Effects

The aim of the present study was to substantiate theoretically and to test in practice scheme of multi-environment trials at the final stage of spring barley breeding process and to distinguish the genotypes which combine superior yield performance and stability. In the first year of competitive testing (2015) nine promising spring barley breeding lines have been selected under condition of the Central part of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (latitude 49°64′, longitude 31°08′, altitude 153 m). In 2016 and 2017, the genotypes were additionally tested in two other different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine: Polissia (latitude 50°93′, longitude 31°69′, altitude 126 m) and Northern Steppe (latitude 48°56′, longitude 32°32′, altitude 171 m). In addition to the standard variety Vzirets, the breeding lines were compared with ten widespread spring barley varieties in agricultural production. Significant total yield variability of the genotypes and cross-over genotype by environment interaction has been revealed. It confirmed the validity of proposed combination of spatial (zones) and temporal (years) gradients for more efficient evaluation of the genotype by environment interaction and differentiation of genotypes in terms of yield performance and stability. As a practical result, using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effects plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) models, four spring barley breeding lines with combination of superior yield performance and high stability have been identified.

scholarly journals Analysis of genotype by environment interactions in a maize mapping population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher I Hudson ◽  
Sarah G Odell ◽  
Pierre Dubreuil ◽  
Marie-Helene Tixier ◽  
Sebastien Praud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Covariances

Genotype by environment interactions are a significant challenge for crop breeding as well as being important for understanding the genetic basis of environmental adaptation. In this study, we analyzed genotype by environment interaction in a maize multi-parent advanced generation intercross population grown across five environments. We found that genotype by environment interactions contributed as much as genotypic effects to the variation in some agronomically important traits. In order to understand how genetic correlations between traits change across environments, we estimated the genetic variance-covariance matrix in each environment. Changes in genetic covariances between traits across environments were common, even among traits that show low genotype by environment variance. We also performed a genome-wide association study to identify markers associated with genotype by environment interactions but found only a small number of significantly associated markers, possibly due to the highly polygenic nature of genotype by environment interactions in this population.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecological stability in yield for breeding of spring barley cultivars with increased adaptive potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
L. M. Kachan ◽  
V. A. Ishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

Increasing crop adaptability in terms of ensuring a stable level of productivity in the genotype – environment interaction is still the central problem of plant breeding theory and practice. The aim of the present study is to theoretically substantiate and practically test a scheme of multi-environment trials, as well as interpret experimental data using modern statistical tools for evaluation of the genotype by environment interaction, and highlight the best genotypes with combining yield performance and ecological stability at the final stage of the spring barley breeding process. For this purpose in the first year of competitive testing (2016) at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine we selected nine promising spring barley breeding lines. In 2017 and 2018 these breeding lines were additionally tested in two other scientific institutions located in different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. For a more reliable assessment, the breeding lines were compared not only with standard cultivar, but also with ten spring barley cultivars widespread in agricultural production of Ukraine. Thus, for three years of competitive testing, we received experimental genotype-environmental data from seven environments, which represent a combination of contrasting agroclimatic zones (Central part of the Forest-Steppe, Polissia and Northern Steppe of Ukraine) and different years (2016–2018). Our results revealed significant variability of mean yield of genotypes, as well as cross-over genotype by environment interaction. The first two principal components of both AMMI and GGE biplot explained more than 80% of the genotype by environment interaction. In general, the peculiarities we revealed indicate the effectiveness of the proposed combination of spatial (agroclimatic zones) and temporal (years) gradients to identify the best spring barley genotypes with the optimal combination of yield performance and ecological stability. Using AMMI and GGE biplot models was effective for the comprehensive differentiation of genotypes in terms of wide and specific adaptability, as well as for qualitative characterization of test environments and providing mega-environment analysis. As a practical result of the multi-environment trial, four spring barley breeding lines have been submitted to the State Variety Testing of Ukraine as new cultivars MIP Sharm, MIP Tytul, MIP Deviz and MIP Zakhysnyk, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document