The genetic variation in the timing of heteroblastic transition in Eucalyptus globulus is stable across environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hamilton ◽  
P. A. Tilyard ◽  
D. R. Williams ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
T. J. Wardlaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Analyse Data

Eucalyptus globulus is one of the best known examples of a heteroblastic plant. It exhibits a dramatic phase change from distinctive juvenile to adult leaves, but the timing of this transition varies markedly. We examined the genetic variation in the timing of heteroblastic transition using five large open-pollinated progeny trials established in north-western Tasmania. We used univariate and multi-variate mixed models to analyse data on the presence/absence of adult or intermediate foliage at age 2 years from a total of 14 860 trees across five trials, as well as height to heteroblastic phase change from one trial. Up to 566 families and 15 geographic subraces of E. globulus were represented in the trials. The timing of the heteroblastic transition was genetically variable and under strong genetic control at the subrace and within-subrace level, with single-trial narrow-sense heritability estimates for the binary trait averaging 0.50 (range 0.44–0.65). The degree of quantitative trait differentiation in the timing of heteroblastic transition among subraces, as measured by QST, exceeded the published level of neutral molecular marker (FST) differentiation in all cases, arguing that diversifying selection has contributed to shaping broad-scale patterns of genetic differentiation. Most inter-trial genetic correlations were close to one at the subrace and additive genetic levels, indicating that the genetic variation in this important developmental change is expressed in a stable manner and that genotype-by-environment interaction is minimal across the environments studied.

scholarly journals Branching Pattern in Successive Generations of Peanuts Arachis hypogaea L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
C. Harkness ◽  
D. J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Successive Generations

Abstract Variation in branching pattern was studied in six Virginia group peanut cultivais (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea). Lines with genetically distinct branching patterns differing from the normal pattern were readily found in two of the cultivars. These variable lines showed no yield advantage over the normal lines. It was concluded that there is considerable genetic variation for branching pattern in Virginia peanuts. The variation could be ascribed to a range of modifier genes which can change the normal pattern of branching. There were indications of a strong environmental effect on branching pattern and of a genotype by environment interaction.

scholarly journals Genetic variation, heritability and genotype by environment interaction of morphological traits in a tetraploid rose population

BMC Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia W Gitonga ◽  
Carole FS Koning-Boucoiran ◽  
Kathryn Verlinden ◽  
Oene Dolstra ◽  
Richard GF Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment

scholarly journals Analysis of genotype by environment interactions in a maize mapping population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher I Hudson ◽  
Sarah G Odell ◽  
Pierre Dubreuil ◽  
Marie-Helene Tixier ◽  
Sebastien Praud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Covariances

Genotype by environment interactions are a significant challenge for crop breeding as well as being important for understanding the genetic basis of environmental adaptation. In this study, we analyzed genotype by environment interaction in a maize multi-parent advanced generation intercross population grown across five environments. We found that genotype by environment interactions contributed as much as genotypic effects to the variation in some agronomically important traits. In order to understand how genetic correlations between traits change across environments, we estimated the genetic variance-covariance matrix in each environment. Changes in genetic covariances between traits across environments were common, even among traits that show low genotype by environment variance. We also performed a genome-wide association study to identify markers associated with genotype by environment interactions but found only a small number of significantly associated markers, possibly due to the highly polygenic nature of genotype by environment interactions in this population.

Sensitivity of genotypes to feeding systems for production, weight and feed intake in dairy cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Pryce ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Feeding Systems

Getting reliable genetic parameter estimates for dry matter intake is difficult because recording it is expensive, hence it is tempting to combine data from research herds. However, there are large differences in feeding and management systems, which causes differences in means across herds. Furthermore, variances or heritabilities may differ and genetic correlations may be less than one between herds. This is one of the reasons why it is important to investigate effects of genotype by environment interaction (GxE). Another reason is that it is important to understand how high genetic merit cows perform in different feeding systems. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of GxE for three feeding systems at two research herds belonging to ID-Lelystad (ID) and to SAC/University of Edinburgh (Langhill).

Genetic improvement of early vigour in wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Selection For

Grain yield potential of Australian wheat crops is often limited because of inadequate water for crop growth and grain filling. Greater early vigour, defined here as the amount of leaf area produced early in the season, should improve the water-use efficiency and yield of wheat crops grown in Mediterranean-type climates such as occurs in southern Australia. In order to maximise selection efficiency for early vigour in breeding programs, the magnitude and form of genetic variation for early vigour and its components was investigated for 2 contrasting wheat populations. The first population comprised 28 Australian and overseas wheat varieties evaluated in a serial sowing study in Canberra. The second population contained 50 random F 2:4 and F 2:6 families derived from a convergent cross of elite CIMMYT wheat lines evaluated in Canberra, and in the field at Condobolin, New South Wales. For the first population, environmental effects on leaf breadth and length, and to a lesser extent, phyllochron interval, produced significant (P < 0.05) changes in leaf area. Large and significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed among Australian and overseas wheats for early vigour and its components. Australian varieties were among the least vigorous of the lines tested, with a number of overseas varieties producing about 75% greater leaf area than representative Australian wheats. Increased leaf area was genetically correlated with increases in leaf breadth and length, and a longer phyllochron interval. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype ´ environment interaction reduced broad-sense heritability (%) for early vigour (H ± s.e., 87 ± 26) compared with leaf breadth (96 ± 25) and length (97 ± 27). Narrow-sense heritability (%) in the second population was small for leaf area (h2 ± s.e., 30 ± 6) and plant biomass (35 ± 7), but high for leaf breadth (76 ± 14) and length (67 ± 16). Genetic correlations were strong and positive for leaf area with plant biomass, leaf breadth and length, specific leaf area and coleoptile tiller frequency, whereas faster leaf and primary tiller production were negatively correlated with leaf area. The high heritability for leaf breadth coupled with its strong genetic correlation with leaf area (rg = 0.56-0.57) indicated that selection for leaf breadth should produce genetic gain in leaf area similar to selection for leaf area per se. However, the ease with which leaf breadth can be measured indicates that selection for this character either by itself, or in combination with coleoptile tiller production, should provide a rapid and non-destructive screening for early vigour in segregating wheat populations. The availability of genetic variation for early vigour and correlated traits should enable direct or indirect selection for greater leaf area in segregating wheat populations.

Variation for kernel number and related traits in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Simona Bassu ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Coefficient ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Assessing the existence and extent of genetic variation in kernel number per m2 (KNO) and in KNO-related traits is necessary both for overcoming sink limitations through breeding and in order to correctly model triticale grain yield. A set of 112 advanced breeding lines derived from various crosses between winter and spring hexaploid triticales was grown for 2 years in a field experiment to evaluate genetic variation and heritability for KNO, chaff weight per m2 at maturity (CHAFFW) and number of kernels per unit weight of chaff (K/CHAFF). Genetic correlations were also calculated between these traits and grain weight and yield. K/CHAFF (but not CHAFFW) exhibited a high level of genetic variation and a low contribution of the genotype by environment interaction component to the overall variance and was highly heritable. There was no detectable genetic correlation between K/CHAFF and CHAFFW; however, K/CHAFF was correlated with KNO (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). K/CHAFF fulfils the major requirements of an indirect screening trait for KNO and of a genetic coefficient in modelling.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment interaction for growth and survival rate in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in generation 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Sang V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
The South ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Testing Environments

Genotype by environment interaction for growth rate in G1 of the same selection program has been published. However, there is no repeated figure in later generations for confirming and well-planning the design of selection program for further improvement. The experiment was conducted using selective population of generation 4 with 97 families tested in 3 environments. Growth (body weight) and survival rate at harvest weight were recorded and evaluated. There was no genotype by environment interaction for both traits with high genetic correlations of the same traits tested between ponds in the Central and in the South of Vietnam of 0.80 and 0.83, respectively. There was also no genotype by environment interaction for growth rate between ponds in the South of Vietnam and bio-security indoor tank with high genetic correlation of 0.91. These results indicated that the number of testing environments would be reduced to save the operation cost for a breeding program. Estimated genetic response was from moderate to high for growth trait corresponding to moderate to high heritabilities (0.20 - 0.45) and high for survival rate corresponding to high heritabilities (0.34 - 0.45).

scholarly journals Genotype by Environment Interaction in Pinus sylvestris L. in Southern Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hannrup ◽  
G. Jansson ◽  
Ö. Danell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Abstract To estimate the amount of genotype by environment interaction (G x E) data was obtained within the Swedish breeding program of Pinus sylvestris L. The calculations were based on estimates of G x E expressed by the genetic correlations across trials. In total, 66 progeny trials were included coming from 17 different test series. The number of parents tested per progeny trial was in average 52. Some parents were tested in several series and in total 812 parents were represented in the study. The results of our study showed that the amount of G x E for growth traits in Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden was low. The median genetic correlation across trials for height, height increment and diameter were in the range 0.75-0.80 and the pattern of interaction was largely unpredictable from site differences in site index, latitude, longitude and altitude.

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