Winter wheat cultivars in Australian farming systems: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hunt

Winter wheat cultivars are defined as those that have an obligate vernalisation requirement that must be met before they will progress from the vegetative to reproductive phase of development i.e. they must experience a true winter before they will flower. Historically, very little breeding effort has been applied to the selection of winter cultivars suited to southern Australia, with the notable exception of the New South Wales Agriculture breeding program based in Wagga and Temora that ran from the 1960s until 2002. A shift by growers to earlier sowing, increased usage of dual-purpose cereals, and research highlighting the whole-farm benefits of winter cultivars to average farm wheat yield has increased grower interest and demand for winter cultivars. Three major wheat breeding companies operating in southern Australia have responded by commencing selection for milling quality winter cultivars, the first of which was released in 2017. Existing research relating to winter wheats in southern Australian farming systems is reviewed here, including interactions with agronomic management, environment and weeds and disease. It is concluded that winter wheats can offer significant production and farming system benefits to growers by allowing earlier establishment, which increases water-limited potential yield (PYw) by ~15% relative to later sown spring wheats, and makes forage available for dual-purpose grazing during vegetative development. Winter wheats sown early require agronomic management different to that of later sown spring wheats, including greater attention to control of grass weeds and certain diseases. There are significant research gaps that will prevent growers from maximising the opportunities from new winter cultivars once they are released. The first of these is a well-defined establishment window for winter cultivars, particularly in medium-low rainfall environments of South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia that have not historically grown them. There is circumstantial evidence that the yield advantage of early established winter wheats over later sown spring wheats is greatest when stored soil water is present at establishment, or the soil profile fills during the growing season. Explicit confirmation of this would allow growers to identify situations where the yield advantage of winter wheats will be maximised. Given the imminent release of several new winter wheat cultivars and the increases in PYw that they embody, it is critical to experimentally define the management and environmental conditions under which performance of these new genotypes are optimised, before their release and availability to growers. Optimising the genotype × environmental × management interactions possible with these cultivars will empower growers to make the best use of the technology and better realise the gains in water limited potential yield possible with these genotypes.

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (14) ◽  
pp. 2477-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Hildermann ◽  
Andreas Thommen ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
Thomas Boller ◽  
Andres Wiemken ◽  
...  

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Marzena Iwańska ◽  
Jakub Paderewski ◽  
Michał Stępień ◽  
Paulo Rodrigues

A proper understanding of cultivar adaptation to different environments is of great relevance in agronomy and plant breeding. As wheat is the most important crop in Poland, with a total of about 22% of the total sown area, the study of its performance in environments with different productivity levels for consequent cultivar recommendation is of major importance. In this paper, we assess the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars in environments with different productivity and propose a method for cultivar recommendation, by considering the information of environmental conditions and drought stress. This is performed in the following steps: (1) calculation of expected wheat productivity, depending on environmental factors, (2) calculation of relative productivity of cultivars in the environments, and (3) recommendation of cultivars of a specific type and range of adaptation. Soil and weather conditions were confirmed as the most important factors affecting winter wheat yield. The weather factors should be considered rather in shorter (e.g., 10 day) than longer (e.g., 60 day) time periods and in relation to growth stages. The ANCOVA model with genotype and management intensity as fixed factors, and soil and weather parameters as covariates was proposed to assess the expected wheat productivity in particular environments and the expected performance of each genotype (cultivar). The recommendation of cultivars for locations of specified productivity was proposed based on the difference between the expected cultivar yield and the mean wheat productivity, and compared with the Polish official cultivar recommendation list.


2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Bojan Stipesevic ◽  
Miro Stosic ◽  
Bojana Teodorovic ◽  
Irena Jug ◽  
Danijel Jug ◽  
...  

The trial with different side-dressing fertilizations for winter wheat has been conducted at Vetovo site, Croatia, in vegetation seasons 2007/08 and 2008/09. The five side-dressing fertilizations has been tested (Control - no sidedressing, KAN - 100 kg KAN ha-1 in tillering and jointing stages; M1 - 8 l of foliar NPK fertilizer 'Profert Mara' ha-1; M2 - 16 l ha-1 of foliar fertilizer, and; M3 - 24 ha-1 of foliar fertilizer) at four winter wheat cultivars (Anika, Fiesta, Gabi and Rapsodija), with previously applied 400 kg NPK 7:20:30 ha-1 for all treatments. Results showed that all foliar side-dressing treatments gave winter wheat grain yield higher than the control, and that M1 treatment showed equal in comparison with KAN side-dressing. Treatments M2 and M3 had, in comparison with the control, KAN and M1 treatments, higher yields which leads toward conclusion that foliar treatments can be recommended for side-dressing for given agroecological conditions.


2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Narkiewicz-Jodko ◽  
Zygmunt Gil ◽  
Marek Urban

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of weather conditions and a degree of weed infestation on the incidence of stem bases rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.) of winter wheat cultivars as well as their yield. The winter wheat cultivars (Kobra, Korweta, Mikon, Zyta) were investigated (2000-2002) in the field where the following herbicides: Apyros 75 WG + Atpolan, Affinity 50,75 WG, Attribut 70 WG were applied. It has been shown the occurrence of stem base rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.) depended mainly on weather conditions. The application of the herbicides improved the plant health. The stem base rot on winter wheat was caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp., specially <i>F. culmorum</i>. The decrease in winter wheat yield depended on weather conditions, weed infestation and the occurrence of stem base rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.).


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