Koja Banana Plantlet Acclimatization at Various Concentrations of Foliar Fertilizer and Length of Containment

Koja is a widely known variety of bananas but the availability of high-quality seeds has not been able to meet the market demand. This problem is overcome by using tissue culture, meanwhile, the success of the culture is largely determined by the acclimatization stage or adaptation of plants from heterotrophs to autotrophs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the interaction between the concentration of foliar fertilizer and the length of containment as well as the appropriate concentration for the growth of Koja banana plantlets. This is a field experiment carried out with a 2-factors split-plot design. The main plot was the foliar fertilizer concentration namely M1 = 2 ml/L; M2 = 4 ml/L; M3 = 6 ml/L, while the subplots were the length of containment namely E1 = 10 days; E2 = 20 days; E3 = 30 days. Based on the results, there was an interaction between the concentration of foliar fertilizer 4 mL/L and the length of containment of 20 days on the height, root volume, as well as fresh and plant dry weight.

Application of Foliar Fertilizer and Planting Media On Cattleya sp. Orchid Growth

Cattleya is one of the orchid genera, it has many fans. Labellum is large and strike colors. Intergeneric crosses have been made to produce soft colored flower, such as white, pink, red, yellow and brown. Cattleya orchids are known to have large flowers, and they are commonly referred to as The Queen of Orchid. These species are cultivated by several botanists as cut flower commodities. The price of cattleya is costly, so it becomes a business opportunity that needs to be developed. This study aims to examine the types of foliar fertilizers and planting media used on the growth of cattleya orchids. It was conducted between May and August 2021 in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta using a Split Plot Design with factorial. The first factor, which is foliar fertilizer, consists of quick grow, AB mix, and focus grow. The second factor of planting media includes fern roots, black moss, and kadaka roots media. The result showed that AB Mix on fern and kadaka media produced similar plant height compared to other treatments. While on kadaka media, it produced the best leaf length and width, as well as shoot length. Furthermore, the shoot emergence and the number of roots did not show a significant difference. The plants that received quick grow treatment on kadaka and black moss media had similar growth. The number of roots provided the best growth of kadaka and ferns. Further study should be conducted to test AB Mix with various concentrations and planting media.

Estructura del pasto forrajero con cultivares de Urochloa brizantha bajo sombra

This study evaluated the structure of swards planted with Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguas and BRS Piata under the eucalyptus shading system, fertilized via foliar at the beginning of the dry and rainy seasons. The experiment followed a randomized block design with a 4×2×2 (4 leaf fertilizer levels × 2 systems × 2 seasons) factorial arrangement. The results were analyzed using the GLIMMIX PROC of SAS University while means were compared by the T-test at 5%. Foliar fertilizer had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on cv. BRS Paiaguas stem mass under shading while the 3 and 6 L/ha levels produced the lowest (P≤0.05) masses. The forage and root masses were not significantly affected (P≥0.05) by the systems and seasons whereas the dead material mass was not influenced by the seasons. The shading system resulted in (P≤0.05) significantly lower dead material mass for both cultivars and higher (P≤0.05) leaf and stem masses for the cv. BRS Piata. In the rainy season, leaf and stem masses were greater (P≤0.05). Foliar fertilization up to 6 L/ha favored the stem control in cv. BRS Paiaguas under shading. The resulting masses of forage, dead material, and root allow concluding that the cultivars adapted well to the shading and dry season.

Performance evaluation of spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and carboxymethyl cellulose-B for management of Cacopsylla pyri

The pear psyllid [Cacopsylla pyri (L.), (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)] represents one of the most economically significant pests of pear in Serbia and worldwide. It causes direct damage throughout feeding on young stems and leaves, but also creates favourable conditions for the development of plant diseases. In this article susceptibility of C. pyri to spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, and their combinations with foliar fertilizer (carboxymethyl cellulose-boron, CMC-B) was investigated in order to assess their efficacy. Experiments were conducted in accordance with standard OEPP/EPPO methods, in field trials on two localities in the Republic of Serbia (Kula, Vrbas), during 2020/21. Results of the field trials indicate good efficacy for all variants in pear psyllid control in pear orchards. The high efficacy of spirodiclofen (87.4–95.4%), spirotetramat (82.5–91.8%), spirodiclofen + CMC-B (90.3–99.8%), spirotetramat + CMC-B (89.5–96.8%) was achieved at both localities seven days after treatment during 2020/21 field trials. Also, it can be concluded for examinations 14 days after treatment, where the efficacy of spirodiclofen (84.9–92.0%), spirotetramat (81.2–91.7%), spirodiclofen + CMC-B (88.9–97.5%), and spirotetramat + CMC-B (82.3–92.5%) was high at both of investigated localities. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the high efficacy of the researched insecticides is a good indicator of C. pyri susceptibility in pear orchards.

Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Productivity of Three Milk Thistle Populations

Milk thistle is an important medicinal plant as it contains silymarin which has many pharmaceutical activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a stabilized nitrogen fertilizer alone or combined with a foliar fertilizer, containing phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, and zinc, on the plant development and fruit yield of three wild milk thistle populations originated from Greece. The fruits of the populations ‘Palaionterveno’, ‘Mesopotamia’, and ‘Spata’ were sown in plastic pots containing peat. Fertilization treatments were i) control - without application of fertilizer, ii) application of a stabilized nitrogen fertilizer, and iii) use of the stabilized fertilizer followed by applications of foliar fertilizer at three different growth stages. The results revealed that genetic material significantly affected the plant height, rosette diameter, and dry weight of root system. Moreover, the application of the nitrogen fertilizer alone or combined with a foliar fertilizer enhanced plant growth. Regarding the fruit yield, there was an interaction between the two factors.

Impact of Foliar Application of Zinc and Magnesium Aminochelate on Bean Physiology and Productivity in Ghana

Foliar application of fertilizers can guarantee nutrient availability to beans, leading to higher yield and seed quality. Different approaches including glycine have been used to improve mineral nutrient status of plants toward safer products and improved human health. However, limited research has been undertaken to understand the response of beans to amino Zn and Mg foliar fertilizer application in Ghana. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc, magnesium, and combined zinc and magnesium foliar fertilizer application on two improved common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties locally referred to as Adoye and Nsroma in the forest (Fumesua) and forest-savannah transition (Akumadan) agro-ecological zones of Ghana during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. The treatments were arranged in split-plot design with the two improved common bean varieties as the main plot, and foliar fertilizer options (zinc, 200 g/ha; magnesium, 224 g/ha; combined zinc and magnesium, 100 g/ha Zn and 112 g/ha Mg) and water spray (control) as the subplot treatments. The zinc and combined zinc and magnesium treatments had similar and significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) higher plant height of 37.1 cm and 38.7 cm compared to the control and magnesium treatments. The results also showed that chlorophyll content was approximately 15.6% higher in plants treated with zinc plus magnesium compared to the other treatments. Similarly, stomatal conductance was significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) increased by 35.6% with zinc plus magnesium treatment relative to the other treatments. The improved chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance in those treatments resulted in ∼55.3–80.6% increase in crop biomass and seed yield. Crop performance parameters such as plant height, canopy spread, and chlorophyll content were significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05 ) at Akumadan, resulting in a greater seed yield of 1486.2 kg/ha compared to 1365.3 kg/ha at Fumesua. Combined application of zinc and magnesium appears to be a potential soil improvement strategy for common bean production in tropical soil environment of Ghana.

Examination of the Productivity and Physiological Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Nitrapyrin and Foliar Fertilizer Treatments

Nutrient stress has been known as the main limiting factor for maize growth and yield. Nitrapyrin, as a nitrification inhibitor—which reduces nitrogen loss—and foliar fertilizer treatments have been successfully used to enhance the efficiency of nutrient utilization, however, the impacts of these two technologies on physiological development, enzymatic responses, and productivity of maize are poorly studied. In this paper, the concentration of each stress indicator, such as contents of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative chlorophyll, photosynthetic pigments, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in maize leaf tissues. In addition, biomass growth, as well as quantitative and qualitative parameters of yield production were examined. Results confirm the enhancing impact of nitrapyrin on the nitrogen use of maize. Furthermore, lower activity of proline, MDA, SOD, as well as higher photosynthetic activity were shown in maize with a more favorable nutrient supply due to nitrapyrin and foliar fertilizer treatments. The obtained findings draw attention to the future practical relevance of these technologies that can be implemented to enhance the physiological development and productivity of maize. However, this paper also highlights the importance of irrigation, as nutrient uptake from soil by the crops decreases during periods of drought.