Effects of hydrogen cyanamide, paclobutrazol and pruning date on dormancy release of the low chill peach cultivar Flordaprince in subtropical Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
J Lloyd ◽  
RJ Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Peach Cultivar ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Subtropical Australia

The growth regulator hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex, 50% a.i.) was tested for its effectiveness in promoting earlier and more even budbreak, flowering, and fruit maturity of the low chill peach cv. Flordaprince at 2 sites in subtropical Australia. The influence of the growth retardant paclobutrazol was also tested at 1 site, and at the other, the effect of altering pruning date. At 1 site only, hydrogen cyanamide applied early-mid June, during endodormancy, advanced mean harvest time by 10 days. At the other site, there were no consistent trends between harvest time and date of application of cyanamide. Dormex at the lowest concentration applied (10 mL/L) caused severe yield reductions (40.8%). Flowering and fruit maturity were advanced by about 6 days with dormant pruning in early winter, compared with pruning at later dates, and by 13 days with the application of the growth retardant paclobutrazol, compared with no application.

Effects of growth regulants on defoliation, flowering, and fruit maturity of the low chill peach cultivar Flordaprince in subtropical Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Peach Cultivar ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Subtropical Australia

The growth regulants paclobutrazol, hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex 500 g a.i./L), and potassium nitrate were tested for their effectiveness in promoting earlier and more even budbreak, flowering, and fruit maturity of the low chill peach cultivar Flordaprince in subtropical Australia. Paclobutrazol advanced harvest by about 10 days. Hydrogen cyanamide was effective in advancing fruit maturity by about 19 days, but even at the lowest concentration used (5 mL/L), it severely reduced fruit set by >4 0 % . In contrast, 1-3 sequentially autumn-applied potassium nitrate sprays advanced flowering by about 10 days; >3 applications caused significant (P<0.05) yield reductions (29%).

Dormancy-release of celery seed by a growth retardant, N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (alar)

Planta ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Palevitch ◽  
T. H. Thomas ◽  
R. B. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Celery Seed

Effects of postharvest topping, autumn cincturing, and paclobutrazol on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen ◽  
T Rassmussen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Combinations of 3 methods of controlling tree size (use of the growth retardant paclobutrazol, postharvest topping, and autumn cincturing) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia. Compared with controls over 3 seasons, paclobutrazol used alone reduced tree size by 34-52%, with further reductions when combined with light and severe postharvest topping (by 5-25 and 58-71%, respectively). Yield efficiency (as measured by yield per unit canopy volume) was significantly improved by paclobutrazol and was doubled when paclobutrazol was combined with severe postharvest topping. Although this combination reduced time associated with pruning, thinning, and harvesting, it had the disadvantage of delaying flowering and, consequently, fruit maturity in the subsequent harvest season. Light postharvest topping and autumn cincturing used with paclobutrazol had little effect on yield efficiency, fruit quality, or harvest period. The seasonal pattern of starch reserves for twigs was similar for all treatments, with starch levels falling to a minimum during the early harvest period. Measurements of starch in the major tree organs showed that at very low harvest increments (<10) there was little or no depletion of starch from the twigs and leaves, but as harvest increments increased (range 10-40), there was increasing starch depletion, in order of priority, from the roots, trunks, and limbs.

Dormancy of apple embryos. Are starch and reserve protein changes related to dormancy breaking?

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2308-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bouvier-Durand ◽  
Alina Dawidowicz-Grzegorzewska ◽  
Claudine Thévenot ◽  
Daniel Come
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Reserve Protein ◽  
Apple Seeds

During cold stratification of apple seeds both dormancy removal and initiation of the germination process occur. To characterize these two processes and to dissociate them from each other, two different cold treatments were used. One of them (cold treatment within the fruits) excluded the germination process, the other corresponded to classical stratification. Control treatments at moderate temperature were also applied. Starch accumulated in the radicle during breaking of embryo dormancy by stratification, whereas it disappeared when dormancy was broken inside the fruits. The comparison of starch changes at 0 and at 20 °C also showed that these changes cannot be related to dormancy release. Moreover, no proteolysis occurred whether dormancy was broken or not. Proteolysis observed during stratification of the embryos seemed to be linked to their imbibition (the first step of the germination). These data refute previous observations on this problem; they demonstrate that neither starch variations nor reserve protein changes can be related to breaking of embryo dormancy.

Competitiveness of Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) with Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Butts ◽  
Bruno C. Vieira ◽  
Débora O. Latorre ◽  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Greg R. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Soybean Plants

AbstractWaterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus(Moq.) J. D. Sauer] is a troublesome weed occurring in cropping systems throughout the U.S. Midwest with an ability to rapidly evolve herbicide resistance that could be associated with competitive disadvantages. Little research has investigated the competitiveness of differentA. tuberculatuspopulations under similar environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (1) the interspecific competitiveness of three herbicide-resistantA. tuberculatuspopulations (2,4-D and atrazine resistant [2A-R], glyphosate and protoporphyrinogen oxidase [PPO]-inhibitor resistant [GP-R], and 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate, and PPO-inhibitor susceptible [2AGP-S]) with soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]; and (2) the density-dependent response of eachA. tuberculatuspopulation within a constant soybean population in a greenhouse environment.Amaranthus tuberculatuscompetitiveness with soybean was evaluated across five target weed densities of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 plants pot−1(equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 plants m−2) with 3 soybean plants pot−1(equivalent to 300,000 plants ha−1). At the R1 soybean harvest time, no difference in soybean biomass was observed acrossA. tuberculatuspopulations. AtA. tuberculatusdensities <8 plants pot−1, the 2AGP-S population had the greatest biomass and stem diameter per plant. At the R7 harvest time, the 2AGP-S population caused the greatest loss in soybean biomass and number of pods compared with the other populations at densities of <16 plants pot−1. The 2AGP-S population had greater early-season biomass accumulation and stem diameter compared with the otherA. tuberculatuspopulations, which resulted in greater late-season reduction in soybean biomass and number of pods. This research indicates there may be evidence of interspecific competitive fitness cost associated with the evolution of 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate, and PPO-inhibitor resistance inA. tuberculatus. Focus should be placed on effectively using cultural weed management practices to enhance crop competitiveness, especially early in the season, to increase suppression of herbicide-resistantA. tuberculatus.

Rotation in relation to take-all of wheat

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Angell ◽  
M Mills
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Take All

Using an infertile, sandy, alluvial soil in drums, the effect of five rotations on take-all of wheat (Ophiobolus graminis) was tested. The soil was limed initially. The root-infection rating, total grain weight, and total weight of the wheat plants in each year were recorded. The condition of the roots at harvest time in the final year was significantly worse in the ranunculus and oats-fallow rotations, and possibly worse in the two years' fallow, than in the continuous wheat and two years' grass rotations. In contrast with the condition of the roots, the mean grain yield and mean total weight of the wheat plants in the ranunculus, oats-fallow, and two years' fallow were significantly higher than those obtained in the other two rotations. From the results of this experiment it is evident that the mechanism of control is not, as is commonly suggested, the elimination of the root-rotting organism.

Prolactin and survival in deionized water of the marine form (trachurus) of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Leatherland ◽  
T. J. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Optimum Range

The marine form (trachurus) of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) showed rapid mortality in deionized water in the early winter, and prolactin injection could significantly reduce this mortality although it could not completely prevent it. A single prolactin injection 24 h before transfer of fish to deionized water was apparently as effective as three prior injections (on alternate days). There was no obvious dose–response relationship. However, there appears to be an optimum range since both a low dose of 1 μg/g and a high dose of 30 μg/g were less effective than the intermediate doses which did not differ significantly amongst themselves.On the other hand, prolactin was ineffective when the fish were transferred to deionized water only 3 h after the injection. Both the solvent-injected and prolactin-injected fish in this case showed a more rapid mortality rate than the uninjected fish.When the fish were transferred 48 h after the injection, prolactin appeared to be even more effective than when the fish were transferred 24 h after the injection, but in this case slightly larger doses were apparently required.

scholarly journals Effects of Par on Plant Spacing in Relation to Yield Efficiency in Peach

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-707
Author(s):  
Yamini Sharma ◽  
Harminder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Light Interception ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Peach Cultivar ◽  
Maximum Light ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Full Day

Effects of PAR in relation with plant spacing in peach cultivar ‘Shan-i-Punjab’ during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 were evaluated. The trees were trained to 4 different training systems and each system consisted of 2 spacings viz., 5 × 3 m and 5 × 2 m. Daily PAR was recorded at morning, midday and evening and it was found that irrespective of planting distance maximum light interception was recorded at midday hours. Plants spaced at 5 × 3m received more light inside the canopy during full day which directly influenced number of fruits per tree, number of picking, fruiting density, yield efficiency, relative pattern of fruit maturity whereas, fruit yield per hectare was maximum in 5 × 2 m. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 701-707, 2021 (September)

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