Exogenous application of bio-stimulant and growth retardant improved the productivity of cotton cultivars under different planting arrangement

Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available resources and to obtain high yield of cotton. Application of plant growth promoter and retardant on cotton in improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. Therefore, we planned a field study to assess the role of bio-stimulant and growth retardant in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars planted under variable row spacing at Agronomic Research Area Bahauddin Zakariya University and Usmania Agricultural Farm Shujabad during Kharif 2012. Experimental treatments consisted of cotton genotypes viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) with foliar spray of bio-stimulant (moringa leaf extract) and growth retardant (mepiquate chloride), either sole or in combination, keeping distilled water as a control. Exogenously applied MLE alone and MLE + MC significantly enhanced the number of squares, flowers and green bolls per plant leading to higher cotton seed and lint yield of CIM 598 cultivar cultivated under conventional row spacing. While application of MC alone and MLE + MC produced maximum micronaire value, fiber strength and fiber uniformity ratio of CIM 573 cultivar cultivated under conventional row spacing. The results suggested that application of MLE is a possible approach to enhance the cotton productivity and the use of MC to enhance the fiber quality attributes under conventional row spacing.

Productivity of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ depending on the use of mineral fertilizers and the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ in the southern part of the Rostov region

The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2018–2020. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of mineral fertilizers and treatments with the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ on productivity of the barley variety ‘Marusya’. In the course of the study, there was identified high responsiveness of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ to the use of mineral fertilizers. Without fertilization, the productivity was 3.46–3.59 t/ha, and 0.87–1.57 t/ha when using the fertilizers. The maximum productivity and protein percentage were established in the variants with the introduction of N79P82K57 according to the active ingredient, with 5.81 t/ha and 0.55 t/ha, respectively. The treatment of plants with the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ contributed to productivity increase on 0.13–0.22 t/ha on average over the years of study. Under the effect of the growth retardant ‘Moddus’, the number of productive heads increased on 5–19 pieces/m2 , there was also a tendency to an increase in the number of grains per head and grain weight per head. The growth retardant ‘Moddus’ contributed to a decrease in plant height on 3.6–5.6 cm, at the same time there was a tendency to increase length of head on 0.2–0.5 cm in comparison with the control variant. Mineral fertilizers effectively increased nature weight of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’. Without fertilization, nature weight of grain was 579 g/l and 584 g/l, and when using fertilizers, it increased on 16–27 g/l or 2.7–4.6%. Productivity increase in the variant when treating with the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ resulted in an increase of the indicator of conditional net income over the control variant on 745–1884 rubles/ha.

​​Response of INM, Spacing and Cycocel on Quality Attributes of Cabbage [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. capitata] in Bundelkhand

Background: The significance of stabilized use of fertilizers is more populous between the farmers to get higher quality of produce. In integrative agricultural system, integrated nutrient management (INM) provide best way to solve numerous issues regarding sustainability, improving quality, boosting yield and keeping good soil fertility in efficient and economical way. Cabbage is one of the most valued crop among cole group vegetables and it is rich in vitamins and minerals like vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, B2 and B3, sulphur, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, sodium etc. Methods: Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of vermicompost, inorganic fertilizers and growth retardant (cycocel) with different spacing in cabbage and carried out in factorial randomized block design at Experimental Farm Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) during rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19. Fertilizers with cycocel treatment increases the accumulation of various minerals and vitamins. Result: Result indicated that quality attributes of cabbage were found to be highest and significant in the treatment where 50% RDF (Inorganic Fertilizer) + 50% Organic (vermicompost) were applied at wider crop geometry (45cm x 45cm spacing) along with spraying of 300 ppm cycocel (growth retardant). Head yield of cabbage was positively correlated with various quality attributes. Application of vermicompost along with inorganic in head of the cabbage. The experimental findings indicated that reduction in the amount of inorganic fertilizer was not detrimental to quality of cabbage while applying the vermicompost in proper amount that is 50% in combination with inorganic fertilizers. It is evident that integration of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer at wider spacing under cycocel treatment enhances the quality of cabbage and also sustaining the fertility of soil.

Alginate hydrogel beads embedded with drug-bearing polycaprolactone microspheres for sustained release of paclobutrazol

In recent years there has been a growing demand for the development of agrochemical controlled release (CR) technologies. In the present study, we aimed to create a novel agricultural CR device using two polymeric systems that have been predominantly employed in biomedical applications: beads of alginate hydrogel embedded with drug-bearing Polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres. The combined device utilizes the advantages of each polymer type for biodegradation and controlled release of Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a common growth retardant in plants. Surface morphology of the alginate beads was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water immersion tests were performed for stability and controlled release measurements. Bioassays were performed both in accelerated laboratory conditions and in field conditions. The results showed a capability to control the size of PBZ-loaded PCL microspheres through modification of homogenization speed and emulsifier concentration. Enlargement of PCL microsphere size had an adverse effect on release of PBZ from the alginate device. The growth of oatmeal plants as a model system was affected by the controlled release of PBZ. The preliminary field experiment observed growth retardation during two consecutive rainy seasons, with results indicating a substantial benefit of the sustained growth inhibition through the controlled release formulation. The final product has the potential to be used as a carrier for different substances in the agrochemical industry.

Comparison of antibiotic accumulation in appendix with various methods of its injection

Relevance of the problem: In respect that, lack dynamic of morbidity incidence of acute appendicitis and frequency of postoperative complications, against the backdrop of increasing the number of antibiotics. The problem of prevention of purulent-inflammatory complications during its surgical treatment remains relevant. Materials and methods: The authors compared the intensity of accumulation of ceftriaxone in the appendix tissues depending on the method of injection. Results: It turned out that with the intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone in 1–2 hours before the operation, its accumulation in appendix in an amount sufficient to delay the growth of the laboratory culture of Escherichia coli is not observed. After intravenous injection of the drug, accumulation occurs slowly, significantly far behind to the lymphotropic technique. With the lymphotropic injection of ceftriaxone, 1 hour before the operation, a dose of growth retardant culture test is already fixed, and with the intjection of 2 hours before the operation – the dose of ceftriaxone practically corresponds to the maximum possible, that is, the action of a “pure” antibacterial drug. Conclusions: The method of selecting antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis is the introduction of ceftriaxone by lymphotropic route. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.268-273

Productivity and Economics of Pigeonpea Genotypes as Influenced by Planting Geometry, Growth Retardant

Background: In pigeonpea, nipping is a common process which induces sprouting of secondary and tertiary branches and increases the number of pods/plant. Nipping is tedious process and requires more number of labours. Hence, it is advised to use growth retardant for better source- sink relationship and better fruit retention in pigeonpea. Chlormequat Chloride is well known growth retardant and is quickly metabolized by plants, animals and soil microbes compared to other growth retardants. Current study was planned to know the effect of growth retardants and planting geometry on yield and economics of pigeonpea genotypes.Methods: Experiment conducted during 2014-2015, comprised of twelve treatments and laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Treatments were comprised of two genotypes [BSMR-736 and TS-3(R)], three planting geometry (90 x 20 cm, 120 x 20 cm and 150 x 20 cm) and three nipping practices (without nipping, with nipping and growth retardant chlormequat chloride spray @3ml/l). Result: Pooled data of two years indicated that planting geometry of 120 x 20 cm was significantly higher in grain yield (2408 kg/ha) over others. Spraying of growth retardant chlormequot chloride recorded the highest yield (2368 kg/ha) over nipping at 50 DAS (2138 kg/ha) and without nipping (2091 kg/ha). Net returns and B:C ratio were obtained significantly at highest level with the planting of BSMR-736 genotype at 120 x 20 cm along with spraying of chlormequot chloride at 70 DAS. Phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were un-affected by the spray of chloromequat chloride.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PEMBUNGAAN Tagetes erecta L. DENGAN PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA KOSENTRASI PACLOBUTRAZOL

ABSTRAKBudidaya tanaman Tagetes erecta L di Kalimantan Barat sampai saat ini belum banyak dilakukan. Usaha pengembangan budidaya tanaman T. erecta L di Kalbar mempunyai potensi dan prospek yang baik. Salah satu permasalahan budidaya tanaman T. erecta L. adalah tanaman yang cukup tinggi dengan percabangan yang banyak dan mudah rebah apabila akan dijadikan tanaman hias dalam pot. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk membuat tanaman ini menjadi tanaman hias pot yang memiliki nilai estetika tinggi adalah dengan pemberian zat penghambat tumbuh (growth retardant) paclobutrazol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi paclobutrazol terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan pembungaan T. erecta L. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan yaitu p1 (Paclobutrazol konsentrasi 50 ppm), p2= (Paclobutrazol konsentrasi 100 ppm), p3 (Paclobutrazol konsentrasi 150 ppm) dan p4 (Paclobutrazol konsentrasi 200 ppm). Variabel yang diamati adalah volume akar, tinggi tanaman, waktu berbunga, jumlah kuntum bunga dan diameter bunga. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis varians (uji F taraf 5%).Apabila uji F menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi paclobutrazol 200 ppm paling baik dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan pembungaan T. erecta L.ABSTRACTThe cultivation of Tagetes erecta L. plant in West Kalimantan has not been done much conducted. Effort to develop the plant in West Kalimantan has a good potential and prospect. One of the problems of it’s cultivation is the height of the plant that is really tall with a lot of branches. When potted, this plant is likely to fall down. Making this plant more estetical can be done by giving growth retardant paclobutrazol. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of paclobutrazol for the growth and flowering of T. erecta L. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Paclobutrazol concentration factors consist of 4 levels, namely p1 (Paclobutrazol concentration of 50 ppm), p2 = POC (Paclobutrazol concentration of 100 ppm), p3 (Paclobutrazol concentration of 150 ppm) and p4 (Paclobutrazol concentration of 200 ppm). The variables observed were including root volume, plant height, flowering time, number of flower buds and flower diameter. The observed data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (F test level of 5%). If the F test showed a significant effect, the test will be continued with Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level. The results showed that the concentration of paclobutrazol 200 ppm was the best in influencing the growth and flowering of T. erecta L.