The effect of drought on plant water use efficiency of nine NAD - ME and nine NADP - ME Australian C4 grasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Susanne von Caemmerer ◽  
Jann P. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Use Efficiency

We investigated the response to drought of nine NAD–malic enzyme (NAD–ME) and nine NADP–malic enzyme (NADP–ME) C4 grasses. Species were grown from seeds in potted soil in a glasshouse. Seedlings were either watered regularly or exposed to two successive drying cycles of 8–10 d each, after which plants were harvested. Under well-watered conditions, average water use efficiency (WUE; dry mass gain per unit water transpired) was similar for NAD–ME and NADP–ME C4 grasses, and ranged between 6.0 and 8.7 g dry mass kg–1 H2O. Drought enhanced WUE of most species, but to a significantly greater extent in NAD–ME (1.20-fold) than NADP–ME (1.11-fold) grasses. Inhibition of dry matter accumulation (average of 12%) and shoot elongation under drought was similar among the C4 grasses. Leaf dry matter carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope compositions were significantly different between the two C4 subtypes. Leaf δ13C averaged –13.3 and –12.2, and leaf δ18O averaged 26.0 and 26.9 in well-watered NAD–ME and NADP–ME grasses, respectively. Drought significantly reduced leaf δ13C in most C4 grasses by an average 0.5. Leaf δ18O was not significantly affected by drought, indicating that leaf δ18O does not reflect drought-induced changes in leaf transpiration of C4 grasses. In the experiment reported here, NAD–ME grasses increased their WUE under drought to a greater extent than their NADP–ME counterparts. Increased WUE of the C4 grasses under drought was primarily related to control of water loss relative to carbon gain at the leaf, rather than the plant, level.

scholarly journals Effect of Microsprinkler Irrigation under Plastic Film on Photosynthesis and Fruit Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Zhang ◽  
Zhenguang Lu ◽  
Qingjun Bai ◽  
Yushun Zhang ◽  
Xinqiang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Use Efficiency

The aim of this study is to exam the effect of microsprinkler irrigation technology under plastic film (MSPF) and to evaluate the reasonable micropore group spacing and capillary arrangement density in the greenhouse. Compared with drip irrigation under plastic film (DIPF) and microsprinkling irrigation (MSI) conditions, the effects of different micropore group spacing (L1: 30 cm micropore group spacing, L2: 50 cm micropore group spacing) and capillary arrangement density (C1: one pipe for one row, C2: one pipe for two rows, and C3: one pipe for three rows) with the MSPF on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit yield of tomatoes were studied using completely randomized trial design. The results showed that under the same irrigation amount, compared with DIPF and MSI, the photosynthetic rate of tomatoes treated with L1C2 increased by 8.24% and 13.55%, respectively. The total dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency at condition of L1C2 increased by 12.16%, 19.39%, and 10.03% compared with DIPF and 26.38%, 20.46%, and 31.02% compared with MSI, respectively. The results provide evidence that the MSPF can be applied to greenhouse tomatoes. The photosynthetic rate, total dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency of tomato leaves cultivated at a micropore group spacing of 30 cm were 1.07, 1.13, 1.14, and 1.13 times higher than those of 50 cm, respectively. With the decrease in capillary arrangement density, the photosynthetic characteristics of the tomato leaves, the total dry matter accumulation, and yield of tomatoes all experienced a decline. It is recommended to use a combination of one pipe for two rows of capillaries at a 30 cm micropore group spacing as the technical parameter of greenhouse tomato with MSPF in arid and semiarid sandy loam soils.

WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN FERTIGATED POTATOES

2008 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Battilani ◽  
F.L. Plauborg ◽  
S. Hansen ◽  
F. Dolezal ◽  
W. Mazurczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Assessing the Water and Thermal Use Efficiencies of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Grown under Different Strength of Jute Agro Textile Mulch in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anwesha Sarkar ◽  
Argha Ghosh ◽  
P. K. Tarafdar ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aims: To evaluate the effects of jute agrotextile mulches on yield and yield attributes, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency as well as accumulated agrometeorological indices and thermal utilization of groundnut. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the experimental farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during kharif season of 2017 and 2018. Methodology: The experiment was carried in randomized block design with five treatments each of which was replicated four times Groundnut (variety J L-24) as a test crop. The treatments (T), composing different strength of jute agro textile (JAT) used as mulching material were as follows: T1: 1000 GSM JAT, T2: 800 GSM, T3: 600 GSM, T4: 400 GSM JAT and T5: farmer's practice (control) where GSM is gram per square meter. All the data regarding the yield, yield attributes, water use efficiency and thermal utilization of the crop were recorded accordingly. Results: Response of pod yield over control were 24.26 q/ha, 26.44 q/ha, 20.98 q/ha and 18.25q/ha in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively. Though all the treatments showed increment over control, the highest result was found in T2 and a further increase in strength of JAT showed a decrement in all aspects. The water use efficiency, at an average, increased by 69.12% due to the various treatments over control. Heat unit and thermal units use efficiencies were also highest in treatment T2 which showed the most accurate utilization of thermal indices. Conclusion: Therefore, among all the treatments T2 exhibited the most promising effect on improving yield and other attributes along with maintaining sustainability as it might have provided the most favourable soil condition compared to other mulches for groundnut.

Population differences in water-use efficiency of well-watered and water-stressed western larch seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
John D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Use Efficiency

Gas exchange, water-use efficiency (WUE), and carbon-isotope discrimination (Δ) were compared among 14 populations of western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.), a deciduous conifer. Seedlings grown from seed collected across the natural distribution of the species were maintained under water-stressed and well-watered conditions. No differences in gas exchange or instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUEi) were detected among populations. However, population differences in Δ, a second measure of water-use efficiency, were observed. WUE measured as the rate of dry matter accumulation per cumulative water transpired (WUET) was different among populations at the P = 0.07 level. The three measures of WUE were intercorrelated and all were higher among water-stressed seedlings than among well-watered seedlings. Overall means were 4.30 ± 0.08 (± SE) and 3.61 ± 0.07 g dry matter accumulation per kg water transpired (WUET), 2.80 ± 0.09 and 2.02 ± 0.06 μmol CO2 uptake per μmol H2O transpired (WUEi), and Δ was 18.24 ± 0.08‰ and 20.26 ± 0.10‰ under the water-stressed and well-watered treatments, respectively. Population differences in the two integrated measurements, WUET and Δ, were significantly correlated with the altitude at which seed was collected. No interaction between genotype and watering treatment was observed, which means that despite pronounced shifts in WUE between watering treatments, population rankings remained unchanged. These results provide evidence of genotypic differences in long-term measures of WUE among native populations of western larch.

Effect of field border width for irrigation on dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, and water use efficiency of wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyu Ma ◽  
Zhengwen Yu ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Junye Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Some water use responses of barley, lupin and rapeseed

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Late Sowing

Barley, lupin and rapeseed were sown in the field on five occasions at Woogenellup, Western Australia. Dry matter accumulation, water use and meteorological data were measured for each crop and sowing time. Potential evapotranspiration functions were calculated for each crop, showing that barley required less water per unit of dry matter when water was not limiting than either of the other crops. Actual evapotranspiration functions were also calculated and showed only small differences between the relative water use of the species when soil water was limiting. The water use, yield and maturity characteristics of the three crops were used to estimate the likely range of sowing times for three locations in the Albany region based on average cumulative rainfall. Barley was found to have the highest water use efficiency (kg grain mm-1 of water used) of the three crops, especially under drier conditions, and was most suitable for late sowing. The yield and water use efficiency of lupin decreased with later sowing and rapeseed was the least efficient species in terms of water use. The results are also discussed in terms of dryland cropping strategies, water use in relation to dryland salt accumulation, and adaptive characteristics of the three crops.

Carbon and water economy of Australian NAD-ME and NADP-ME C4 grasses

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Susanne von Caemmerer ◽  
Jann P. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

C4 grasses are grouped into three biochemical subtypes,NAD malic enzyme (NAD–ME), NADP malic enzyme (NADP–ME)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK), possessingcharacteristic leaf anatomy, biochemistry and physiology. This studyinvestigates the physiological implications of these differences by comparing growth, water use efficiency (WUE, dry matter gain per unit water transpired) and gas exchange characteristics of NAD–MEand NADP–ME C4 grasses belonging to threetaxonomic groups (main Chloroid assemblage, Paniceae and Andropogoneae). Wegrew 28 C4 grasses from seeds for 6 weeks in aglasshouse under ample water and nutrients in winter and summer. Theinter-specific variation in plant dry mass (30-fold) was much greater thanthat in WUE (2-fold). There was no significantdifference in average WUE between NAD–ME andNADP–ME grasses. Average plant dry mass andWUE were highest in the Paniceae (mostlyNADP–ME), lowest in the Andropogoneae (NADP–ME) and intermediate in the Chloroid (NAD–ME). CO2assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance(g) and the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressure (pi/p a )were measured under standard conditions at high light. AverageA and g were slightly higher inNADP–ME than NAD–ME grasses, but pi/p awas similar for the two subtypes. A did not differbetween winter and summer experiments in spite of a 3-fold difference inmaximal daily irradiance. Dry matter accumulation correlated positively withleaf area ratio (LAR; plant leaf area per unit plant drymass) and specific leaf area (SLA; leaf area per unitleaf dry mass) in NAD–ME, but not NADP–ME, grasses.Variation in A (expressed on a per area basis) did notcorrelate with biomass accumulation or SLA. Whenexpressed on a dry mass basis, A correlated withSLA in all C4 grasses. This studyshows that there is large inter-specific variation in growth among the C4 grasses, but average WUE andA/g are similar forNAD–ME and NADP–ME species under well-wateredconditions.

scholarly journals Irrigation and fertilizer management effects on processing cucumber productivity and water use efficiency

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Beyaert ◽  
R. C. Roy ◽  
B. R. Ball Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to irrigation and fertilization strategies on a loamy sand in southwestern Ontario from 2001 to 2003. Dry matter accumulation, fruit yield, economic returns and water use efficiency were compared for (a) non-irrigated with conventional broadcast fertilizer applications (NI/B), (b) overhead sprinkler irrigated with conventional broadcast fertilizer applications (OHI/B), (c) surface drip irrigated with fertigation (DI/F) and (d) subsurface drip irrigated with fertigation (SDI/F). All irrigation methods enhanced yields, with drip irrigation coupled with fertigation showing significant advantages in terms of yield and economic returns compared with overhead irrigation and conventional fertilization practices. Irrigation increased dry matter accumulation, fruit yield and economic returns over non-irrigated treatments in a dry year, but only DI/F and SDI/F irrigation with fertigation increased these parameters in a wet year. Irrigation water use efficiency was greatest with SDI/F in 2 of 3 yr. This study indicates that processing cucumbers in Ontario benefit from irrigation, with drip irrigation/fertigation being more beneficial than overhead sprinkler irrigation. Subsurface drip irrigation systems increase irrigation water use efficiency over sprinkler and surface drip systems when higher than average temperatures coupled with lower than average rainfall are experienced on coarse-textured soils. Key words: Irrigation, fertigation, Cucumis sativus, yield

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