scholarly journals Impact of global climate change on marine bacterial symbioses and disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Nicole S Webster ◽  
David G Bourne ◽  
Linda L Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Range Function ◽  
And Function

Microbes constitute the largest diversity and biomass of all marine organisms, yet they are often ignored during discussions about the impacts of environmental change. This is despite the fact that, of all the organisms on the planet, it is the microbes that will play the largest fundamental role in either mitigating or exacerbating the effects of global climate change. Microbes will also be the first and fastest to shift their metabolic capabilities, host range, function and community dynamics as a result of climate change. Therefore, an understanding of microbial community composition and function in individual niche habitats is vital.

scholarly journals Impact of global climate change and fire on the occurrence and function of understorey legumes in forest ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Reverchon ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Timothy J. Blumfield ◽  
Chengrong Chen ◽  
Kadum M. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Microbial community shifts reflect losses of native soil carbon with pyrogenic and fresh organic matter additions and are greatest in low-carbon soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Whitman ◽  
Silene DeCiucies ◽  
Kelly Hanley ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
Jamie Woolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in regulating global climate change, carbon and nutrient cycling in soils, and soil moisture. Organic matter (OM) additions to soils can affect the rate at which SOC is mineralized by microbes, with potentially important effects on SOC stocks. Understanding how pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) affects the cycling of native SOC (nSOC) and the soil microbes responsible for these effects is important for fire-affected ecosystems as well as for biochar-amended systems. We used an incubation trial with five different soils from National Ecological Observatory Network sites across the US and 13C-labelled 350°C corn stover PyOM and fresh corn stover OM to trace nSOC-derived CO2 emissions with and without PyOM and OM amendments. We used high-throughput sequencing of rRNA genes to characterize bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities and their response to PyOM and OM in soils that were previously stored at -80°C. We found that the effects of amendments on nSOC-derived CO2 reflected the unamended soil C status, where relative increases in C mineralization were greatest in low-C soils. OM additions produced much greater effects on nSOC-CO2 emissions than PyOM additions. Furthermore, the magnitude of microbial community composition change mirrored the magnitude of increases in nSOC-CO2, indicating a specific subset of microbes were likely responsible for the observed changes in nSOC mineralization. However, PyOM responders differed across soils and did not necessarily reflect a common “charosphere”. Overall, this study suggests that soils that already have low SOC may be particularly vulnerable to short-term increases in SOC loss with OM or PyOM additions. Importance Soil organic matter (SOM) has an important role in global climate change, carbon and nutrient cycling in soils, and soil moisture dynamics. Understanding the processes that affect SOM stocks is important for managing these functions. Recently, understanding how fire-affected organic matter (or “pyrogenic” organic matter (PyOM)) affects existing SOM stocks has become increasingly important, both due to changing fire regimes, and to interest in “biochar” – pyrogenic organic matter that is produced intentionally for carbon management or as an agricultural soil amendment. We found that soils with less SOM were more prone to increased losses with PyOM (and fresh organic matter) additions, and that soil microbial communities changed more in soils that also had greater SOM losses with PyOM additions. This suggests that soils that already have low SOM content may be particularly vulnerable to short-term increases in SOM loss, and that a subset of the soil microbial community is likely responsible for these effects.

scholarly journals Microbial community shifts reflect losses of native soil carbon with pyrogenic and fresh organic matter additions and are greatest in low-carbon soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Whitman ◽  
Silene DeCiucies ◽  
Kelly Hanley ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
Jamie Woolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in regulating global climate change, carbon and nutrient cycling in soils, and soil moisture. Organic matter (OM) additions to soils can affect the rate at which SOC is mineralized by microbes, with potentially important effects on SOC stocks. Understanding how pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) affects the cycling of native SOC (nSOC) and the soil microbes responsible for these effects is important for fire-affected ecosystems as well as for biochar-amended systems. We used an incubation trial with five different soils from National Ecological Observatory Network sites across the US and 13C-labelled 350°C corn stover PyOM and fresh corn stover OM to trace nSOC-derived CO2 emissions with and without PyOM and OM amendments. We used high-throughput sequencing of rRNA genes to characterize bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities and their response to PyOM and OM. We found that the effects of amendments on nSOC-derived CO2 reflected the unamended soil C status, where amendments increased C mineralization the most in low-C soils. OM additions produced much greater effects on nSOC-CO2 emissions than PyOM additions. Furthermore, the magnitude of microbial community composition change mirrored the magnitude of increases in nSOC-CO2, indicating a specific subset of microbes were likely responsible for the observed changes in nSOC mineralization. However, PyOM responders differed across soils and did not necessarily reflect a common “charosphere”. Overall, this study suggests that soils that already have low SOC may be particularly vulnerable to short-term increases in SOC loss with OM or PyOM additions.ImportanceSoil organic matter (SOM) has an important role in global climate change, carbon and nutrient cycling in soils, and soil moisture dynamics. Understanding the processes that affect SOM stocks is important for managing these functions. Recently, understanding how fire-affected, or “pyrogenic” organic matter (PyOM) affects existing SOM stocks has become increasingly important, both due to changing fire regimes, and to interest in “biochar” – pyrogenic organic matter that is produced intentionally for carbon management or as an agricultural soil amendment. We found that soils with less SOM were more prone to increased losses with PyOM (and fresh organic matter) additions, and that soil microbial communities changed more in soils that also had greater SOM losses with PyOM additions. This suggests that soils that already have low SOM content may be particularly vulnerable to short-term increases in SOM loss, and that a subset of the soil microbial community is likely responsible for these effects.

scholarly journals Multiple Metrics of Temperature, Light, and Water Motion Drive Gradients in Eelgrass Productivity and Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira A. Krumhansl ◽  
Michael Dowd ◽  
Melisa C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Water Motion ◽  
Lower Productivity

Characterizing the response of ecosystems to global climate change requires that multiple aspects of environmental change be considered simultaneously, however, it can be difficult to describe the relative importance of environmental metrics given their collinearity. Here, we present a novel framework for disentangling the complex ecological effects of environmental variability by documenting the emergent properties of eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems across ∼225 km of the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, representing gradients in temperature, light, sediment properties, and water motion, and evaluate the relative importance of different metrics characterizing these environmental conditions (e.g., means, extremes, variability on different time scales) for eelgrass bioindicators using lasso regression and commonality analysis. We found that eelgrass beds in areas that were warmer, shallower, and had low water motion had lower productivity and resilience relative to beds in deeper, cooler areas that were well flushed, and that higher temperatures lowered eelgrass tolerance to low-light conditions. There was significant variation in the importance of various metrics of temperature, light, and water motion across biological responses, demonstrating that different aspects of environmental change uniquely impact the cellular, physiological, and ecological processes underlying eelgrass productivity and resilience, and contribute synergistically to the observed ecosystem response. In particular, we identified the magnitude of temperature variability over daily and tidal cycles as an important determinant of eelgrass productivity. These results indicate that ecosystem responses are not fully resolved by analyses that only consider changes in mean conditions, and that the removal of collinear variables prior to analyses relating environmental metrics to biological change reduces the potential to detect important environmental effects. The framework we present can help to identify the conditions that promote high ecosystem function and resilience, which is necessary to inform nearshore conservation and management practices under global climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document