scholarly journals Description of the mechanoreceptive lateral line and electroreceptive ampullary systems in the freshwater whipray, Himantura dalyensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teagan A. Marzullo ◽  
Barbara E. Wueringer ◽  
Lyle Squire Jnr ◽  
Shaun P. Collin
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Dasyatis Sabina ◽  
Estuarine Species ◽  
Ampullae Of Lorenzini ◽  
Infraorbital Canal ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes

Mechanoreceptive and electroreceptive anatomical specialisations in freshwater elasmobranch fishes are largely unknown. The freshwater whipray, Himantura dalyensis, is one of a few Australian elasmobranch species that occur in low salinity (oligohaline) environments. The distribution and morphology of the mechanoreceptive lateral line and the electroreceptive ampullae of Lorenzini were investigated by dissection and compared with previous studies on related species. The distribution of the pit organs resembles that of a marine ray, Dasyatis sabina, although their orientation differs. The lateral line canals of H. dalyensis are distributed similarly compared with two marine relatives, H. gerrardi and D. sabina. However, convolutions of the ventral canals and proliferations of the infraorbital canal are more extensive in H. dalyensis than H. gerrardi. The intricate nature of the ventral, non-pored canals suggests a mechanotactile function, as previously demonstrated in D. sabina. The ampullary system of H. dalyensis is not typical of an obligate freshwater elasmobranch (i.e. H. signifer), and its morphology and pore distribution resembles those of marine dasyatids. These results suggest that H. dalyensis is euryhaline, with sensory systems adapted similarly to those described in marine and estuarine species.

Sensory Systems in Sawfishes. 1. The Ampullae of Lorenzini

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Wueringer ◽  
S.C. Peverell ◽  
J. Seymour ◽  
L. Squire, Jr. ◽  
S.M. Kajiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Ampullae Of Lorenzini

Tapeworm discovery in elasmobranch fishes: quantifying patterns and identifying their correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseeb S. Randhawa ◽  
Robert Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes ◽  
Latitudinal Range

Most parasites from known host species are yet to be discovered and described, let alone those from host species not yet known to science. Here, we use tapeworms of elasmobranchs to identify factors influencing their discovery and explaining the time lag between the descriptions of elasmobranch hosts and their respective tapeworm parasites. The dataset included 918 tapeworm species from 290 elasmobranch species. Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Our findings indicated that we are currently in the midst of the greatest rate of discovery for tapeworms exploiting elasmobranchs. We identified tapeworm size, year of discovery of the type host, host latitudinal range and type locality of the parasite influencing most on the probability of discovery of tapeworms from elasmobranchs and the average time lag between descriptions of elasmobranchs and their tapeworms. The time lag between descriptions is decreasing progressively, but, at current rates and number of taxonomic experts, it will take two centuries to clear the backlog of undescribed tapeworms from known elasmobranch species. Given that the number of new elasmobranch species described each year is on the rise, we need to re-assess funding strategies to save elasmobranchs (and, thus, their tapeworm parasites) before they go extinct.

Temperature Reception and Responses in Fish

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Equilibration Temperature ◽  
Ampullae Of Lorenzini ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Spontaneous Movements

Conditioned-response experiments show that both bony fishes and selachians have surface thermal receptors. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated in selachians two mechanisms which could provide continuous information about constant temperature conditions—the ampullae of Lorenzini and the lateral-line system. In other fishes only one such mechanism has been demonstrated, namely the trunk lateral-line system. Impulses from the ampullae and the lateral-line organs are, apparently, always being poured into the central nervous system at a rate which is characteristic of the temperature of the environment. The change in frequency of these action potentials with a given change in temperature is not great and there is no sign of adaptation. These sensory receptor mechanisms could operate in such a way as to give fish an absolute sense of temperature. In addition to this non-adaptive effect of temperature on these two kinds of receptors, there occurs, in the ampullae of Lorenzini only, another spectacular change in frequency of the nerve impulses with change in temperature, and this response is adaptive. This effect disappears with continued exposure to the new temperature, and the spontaneous impulses gradually assume the stable frequency which is characteristic of the temperature.The principal effects of temperature on the activities of fish are as follows: Fish moving in a temperature gradient select a particular temperature because of an effect of the gradient temperatures on their movements. When fish move through the temperatures of a gradient, the frequency of their movements is least in the selected region. Moderately rapid changes of temperature do not elicit locomotor responses from resting fish until very high temperatures are reached, but do affect the frequency of movements of active fish. The frequency of spontaneous movements is related to the equilibration temperature, being greatest at the temperature ordinarily selected by the same fish if placed in a temperature gradient. Maximum cruising speed, as measured at different equilibration temperatures, is greatest at the selected temperature, as is also the distance moved in response to an electric shock. The maximum cruising speed that can be maintained by fish increases, with acclimation temperature, to a peak at the final preferendum.Temperature selection by fish in a gradient is a function of surface thermal receptors not in the trunk lateral line, and of the forebrain. The relation between frequency of spontaneous movements and equilibration temperature depends in some way upon the integrity of the cerebellum.There are a few instances where a correlation has been demonstrated between temperature conditions and behaviour of fish in nature because of the effect of temperature on activity. There are other instances in which distribution of fish in nature appears to be correlated with temperature as a result of selection responses to temperature gradients.

scholarly journals The function of the ampullae of Lorenzini, with some observations on the effect of temperature on sensory rhythms

1938 ◽  
Vol 125 (841) ◽  
pp. 524-553 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Line System ◽  
Ampullae Of Lorenzini ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

The recognition of the morphological and developmental relationship of the vertebrate auditory organ and the lateral-line system of fishes and aquatic Amphibia rests on the foundation of a large volume of com­ parative researches. The main outlines of this generalization were already laid down forty years ago, and Cole’s work on the cranial nerves and lateral sense organs of fishes (1898) contains a comprehensive treatment of the history of the subject. The acustico-lateral or neuromast system embraces, in addition to the labyrinth and the lateral-line canals, the pit organs found to a greater or less extent in most fishes, the vesicles of Torpedo , and the ampullary canal system of Selachians and Holocephali. Concerning these Cole wrote: “The history of our knowledge of the phylogeny of the sensory canals is coincident with three discoveries—the discovery that the‘mucus’ canals contain sense organs, the discovery of Savi’s vesicles, and the dis­covery of the ampullae of Lorenzini.... We now know that all three types belong to the lateral line system, and I shall suggest that they represent three stages in the development of a canal—the most superficial condition, represented by the pit organs and Savi’s vesicles; the full development, represented by the canal; and the intermediate type, forming neither a Savi vesicle nor yet a canal, represented by the ampullae of Lorenzini” (p. 187). This conception has remained valid to the present day. The ampullae of Lorenzini, with which I am here principally concerned, are briefly described in current text-books as transitional or specialized neuromasts, and the implication always is that structurally and functionally they do not differ significantly from the neuromasts of the lateral-line canals. For example, in their recent exhaustive treatise on the vertebrate nervous system Kappers, Huber and Crosby (1936) state with reference to the lateral-line canals, the Savi vesicles and the ampullae of Lorenzini: “thus in the various animals there is a transition between an open and a closed system for perceiving vibrations" (p. 438).

Range of electrosensory detection of prey by Carcharhinus melanopterus and Himantura granulata

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia S. Haine ◽  
Peter V. Ridd ◽  
Richard J. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Electric Potentials ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes ◽  
Carcharhinus Melanopterus

Elasmobranch fishes have a well developed electrosense that is used for prey detection. Research into the nature of bioelectric cues emitted by prey has, however, been neglected, and consequently the spatial context in which the electrosense operates to detect and home in on prey is not completely understood. This study provided data on both ac and dc electric potentials produced by teleost, crustacean and bivalve prey, as well as measured the decay rates of electric field strength with distance. The electrosensitivity of two tropical elasmobranch species was calculated to be ~4 nV cm–1, from which it was calculated that these predators probably detect their prey at a range of ~0. 25 m.

scholarly journals A new record of a rare labrid, Suezichthys notatus (Actinopterygii: Labridae), from Taiwan, with comparison to related species from Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
Chi-Ngai Tang ◽  
Hong-Ming Chen ◽  
Husan-Ching Ho
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Southwestern Taiwan ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Three specimens of a rare labrid, Suezichthys notatus (Kamohara, 1958) were recently collected from local markets, which were captured from deep-water off northern and southwestern Taiwan, and represent a new record for Taiwan. Suezichthys notatus can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters: scale rows above lateral line 2½; low scaly sheath present at base of dorsal and anal fins; dorsal-fin element IX, 11; anal-fin elements III, 10; lateral line scales 25‒26, each with simple, unbranched laterosensory canal tube; cheek scale rows behind and below eye 2 and 2‒3 respectively; a group of prominent dark blotches extending from the interorbital region dorsoposteriorly; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 3.7‒3.9 in standard length; short pelvic fin without filamentous extension, 2.2‒2.5 in head length. Suezichthys resembles the labrid genus Pseudolabrus, comparison of Taiwanese species of Suezichthys with those of Pseudolabrus are given.

scholarly journals An Integrated Perspective of Evolution and Development: From Genes to Function to Ear, Lateral Line and Electroreception

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Bernd Fritzsch
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Independent Origin

Four sensory systems (vestibular, lateral line, electroreception, auditory) are unique and project exclusively to the brainstem of vertebrates. All sensory neurons depend on a common set of genes (Eya1, Sox2, Neurog1, Neurod1) that project to a dorsal nucleus and an intermediate nucleus, which differentiate into the vestibular ear, lateral line and electroreception in vertebrates. In tetrapods, a loss of two sensory systems (lateral line, electroreception) leads to the development of a unique ear and auditory system in amniotes. Lmx1a/b, Gdf7, Wnt1/3a, BMP4/7 and Atoh1 define the lateral line, electroreception and auditory nuclei. In contrast, vestibular nuclei depend on Neurog1/2, Ascl1, Ptf1a and Olig3, among others, to develop an independent origin of the vestibular nuclei. A common origin of hair cells depends on Eya1, Sox2 and Atoh1, which generate the mechanosensory cells. Several proteins define the polarity of hair cells in the ear and lateral line. A unique connection of stereocilia requires CDH23 and PCDH15 for connections and TMC1/2 proteins to perceive mechanosensory input. Electroreception has no polarity, and a different system is used to drive electroreceptors. All hair cells function by excitation via ribbons to activate neurons that innervate the distinct target areas. An integrated perspective is presented to understand the gain and loss of different sensory systems.

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