The effects of different rice cultivation systems and ages on resting stages of wetland invertebrates in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Cardoso Ávila ◽  
Thaíse Boelter ◽  
Renata Martins dos Santos ◽  
Cristina Stenert ◽  
Norma Luiza Würdig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Resting Stages ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Egg Banks ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Wetland Invertebrates ◽  
Over Time

The use of machinery and pesticides in modern agriculture are supposed to negatively affect the viability and diversity of invertebrate egg banks. Studies that evaluate the emergence of invertebrates through analysis of their dormant stages are needed in order to identify the resiliency of food webs in wetlands. In this study, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) richness is lower in conventional rice fields than in organic ones and natural wetlands; (2) richness is lower in older rice fields than younger fields; (3) composition varies among different rice systems and ages; and (4) emergence rate may vary among rice systems and ages over time. Dry sediment samples were collected from six rice fields cultivated under different systems, nine conventional rice fields with different cultivation ages and three natural wetlands. Our study showed that the richness was surprisingly higher in conventional rice fields than wetlands, with cladocerans being more associated with the former and insects more frequent in the latter. Invertebrate richness was similar among rice fields of different ages, but the composition differed between 20-year-old fields and younger fields. Variation in the viable resting stages found across different rice cultivation systems and ages contributes valuable information to wetland restoration initiatives.

Influence of Crop Nutrition on Grain Yield, Seed Quality and Water Productivity under Two Rice Cultivation Systems

Rice Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.V. SINGH ◽  
K.K. SINGH ◽  
S.K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Crop Nutrition

Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Old World ◽  
Mimosa Pigra ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Old World Tropics

Abstract M. pigra is a small prickly shrub that infests wetlands and is also an agricultural weed in rice fields in many parts of the old world tropics. In natural wetlands the shrub alters open grasslands into dense thorny thickets and negatively impacts on native biodiversity. It is regarded as one of the worst alien invasive weeds of wetlands of tropical Africa, Asia and Australia, and the cost of control is often high.

Rice fields and modes of rice cultivation between 5000 and 2500 BC in east China

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2609-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yunfei ◽  
Sun guoping ◽  
Qin ling ◽  
Li chunhai ◽  
Wu xiaohong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
East China

scholarly journals Taxonomic loss and functional reduction over time in the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River, Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
João D. Ferraz ◽  
Armando C. R. Casimiro ◽  
Diego A. Z. Garcia ◽  
Alan D. Pereira ◽  
Lucas R. Jarduli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
New Records ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Weighted Means ◽  
Functional Reduction ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Functional Indices ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We evaluated the fish composition and ecological attributes of the ichthyofauna collected in a limnological zone of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River. Information about the fish community was updated when compared to the previous study (2006). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed differences in species composition between periods and community weighted means (CWMs) exhibited changes in functional composition over time. Four functional indices were used in the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) to measure changes in the functional space of species, whereas functional β-diversity inspected differences in the traits composition between the periods. 1,203 individuals were sampled of 43 species, being 16 non-native and 14 new records. Compared to 2006, 27 species were absent, most of them native to Loricariidae and Anostomidae, while Curimatidae and Pimelodidae decreased in abundance. Functional indexes showed a reduction in functional diversity, whereas new species records exhibited functional redundancy. It might have occurred a simplification of the fish community over time, excluding the migratory and specialists species such as the herbivores and detritivores. Accordingly, we concluded that the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir might have been undergoing a process towards biotic homogenization.

“Until the Day of His Death”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (139) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Henrique Espada Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article examines postmortem inventories and notarial records from Brazilian slaveholders in southern Brazil in the nineteenth century. By discussing selected cases in detail, it investigates the relationship between “precarious masters” (especially the poor and/or disabled, widows without family, and single elderly slaveholding women and men) and their slaves and former slaves to whom they bequeathed, in their testaments and final wills, manumission and property. The article reads these documents as intergenerational contractual arrangements that connected the masters’ expectations for care in illness and old age with the slaves’ and former slaves’ expectations for compensation for their work and dedication. Following these uneven relationships of interdependence and exploitation as they developed over time, the article suggests a reassessment of the role of paternalism in Brazil during the country’s final century of slavery. More than a tool to enforce relations of domination, paternalism articulated with the dynamics of vulnerability and interdependency as they changed over the life courses of both enslaved people and slave owners. This article shows how human aging became a terrain of negotiation and struggle as Brazilian slave society transformed throughout the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Chroococcaceae during rice cultivation in North Bihar, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushal Kishore Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Taxon

The species richness of cyanobacteria belonging to the family Chroococcaceae in rice fields of North Bihar, India was studied over a 60-day period. Twenty-eight species representing nine genera were identified. The highest number of 21 species was observed around 30th day against eight and 13 species around 10th and 60th day of rice cultivation, respectively. Aphanocapsa grevillei (Hass.) Rabenh., Aphanothece naegelii Wartm and Microcystis marginata (Menegh.) Kützing were observed from 10th to 60th days of rice cultivation. Keywords: Chroococcaceae; Cyanobacteria; Rice cultivation; North Bihar; India. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i1.2747 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(1): 57-63, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Efficiency Losses in Healthcare Organizations Caused by Lack of Interpersonal Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Sérgio Almeida Migowski ◽  
Iuri Gavronski ◽  
Cláudia de Souza Libânio ◽  
Eliana Rustick Migowski ◽  
Francisco Dias Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Efficiency Losses ◽  
Formal Leadership ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Despite all quality management and integration literature prescriptions to implement strategies for a better organizational performance, healthcare organizations support a model that is inefficient, expensive, and unsustainable over time. This work aims to examine the interpersonal relationships in three large hospitals located in Southern Brazil and its relation with organizational efficiency. Through a qualitative and explanatory research, semi-structured interviews were applied to 32 professionals, in addition to a document analysis. The data analysis shows that integration occurs at the formal leadership level only in one of the organizations and does not involve the medical and operational professionals. Quality management seems not to be fully incorporated into care routines, and are related to efficiency losses. This scenario is probably related to the lack of integration among the professionals and the consolidation of trust, leadership, and communication.

Are Rice Fields in Southeastern Australia an Adequate Substitute for Natural Wetlands as Foraging Areas for Egrets?

Waterbirds ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Richardson ◽  
Iain R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Degrees of residence of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Ilha Grande Bay, south-eastern Brazil: a preliminary assessment

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de A. Espécie ◽  
Rodrigo H.O. Tardin ◽  
Sheila M. Simão
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Identification Technique ◽  
Over Time

The Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, is a small delphinid found in coastal areas from northern Honduras to southern Brazil. Little is known about the ecology of this species in several areas of its geographical distribution. In this paper, we present new data about the residency of Guiana dolphins in Ilha Grande Bay, south-eastern Brazil. Boat surveys were conducted at the study area from May 2007 to March 2008. Applying the photo-identification technique, we took pictures of dolphins' dorsal fins, looking for natural markings on them. A total of 17,969 photographs were taken, from which was created a databank of 462 distinct dolphins. Individuals showed different degrees of residency in the bay. More than 50% of the catalogued dolphins were considered non-residents and/or showed a low degree of residence. The average interval between resightings was 35 ± 27.4 days. Animals without markings (calves and juveniles) accounted for 45% (N = 2917) of photographs taken. These results indicate that this population has a fluid structure including different individuals over time. We suggest a possible relationship between the presence of some individuals and local resource availability, such as prey and protected areas.

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