scholarly journals Analysis of Fuel Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Direct Seeding Wetland Rice Cultivation Systems in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
A. Muazu ◽  
A. Yahya ◽  
W.I.W. Ishak ◽  
S. Khairunniza-Bejo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Cultivation Systems

Influence of test fuel properties and composition on UNECE R101 CO2 and fuel economy valuation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Test Fuel ◽  
Lower Heating

AbstractCO2 emission and fuel consumption of passenger cars is now assessed by using a simplistic procedure measuring the emission during a test performed without any control of the fuel properties and computing the fuel consumption through an unsophisticated formula. As pump gasoline and diesel fuels are refinery products mixture of many different hydrocarbons, and in case of gasoline may also contain a significant amount of oxygenates, the fuel properties, including the density, carbon and energy content may strongly vary from one pump fuel to the other. Being the specific test fuels carefully selected by the car manufacturers and everything but randomly chosen pump fuels, the claimed CO2 emission and fuel economy figures may differ largely from the certification values. I show from the analysis of the 2014 UK government data for 2358 diesel and 2103 petrol vehicles how same volumes of only theoretically same pump fuels used during the certification test by the cars manufacturers unfortunately do not produce the same carbon dioxide emission, and very likely do not have the same energy content. The CO2 emission per liter of diesel fuel is shown to oscillate froma maximum of 3049 g to a minimum of 2125 g, with an average of 2625 g, froma +16.13% to a -19.06% of the average. TheCO2 emission per liter of petrol fuel is shown to oscillate even more from a maximum of 3735 g to a minimum of 1767 g with an average of 2327 g, from a +60.48% to a -24.05% of the average. The proposed solution is to center the assessment on the energy demand by measuring with accuracy the mass of fuel consumed and the fuel properties of the test fuel starting from the lower heating. The corrected fuel consumption and the corrected carbon dioxide emission to mention from the test are then computed by using pure hydrocarbon reference fuels for diesel and petrol having a given lower heating value and a given hydrocarbon composition. Alternatively, exactly the same test fuel should be used by all the manufacturers.

Application of a variable-fidelity hydrodynamic optimization strategy in fuel-efficient ship design

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (18) ◽  
pp. 6293-6306
Author(s):  
Hassan Zakerdoost ◽  
Hassan Ghassemi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Variable Fidelity

Now more than ever, the amount of fuel a ship consumes and the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from a ship have attracted many researchers’ attention towards efficient and cost-effective ship designs. Therefore, fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission reduction are two main targets of almost all industrial and scientific communities. The key scope of this article is to describe an innovative methodology for the variable-fidelity design optimization of a ship’s hull-propeller system under multiple operating conditions in early-stage ship design. Non-uniform rational basis spline technique and the efficient multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition are, respectively, used to generate variants of hull-propeller designs and minimize the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission as objective functions of the proposed problem. The variable fidelity numerical solvers are also applied for the hydrodynamic evaluation of the design performance during optimization. Three different specific fuel oil consumption data provided by the engine manufacturers Wartsila, MAN B&W and Caterpillar are used to optimize a medium-sized bulk carrier driven by a well-known propeller as the initial design. The numerical results show an improvement in performance of the optimal hull-propeller designs.

scholarly journals Driver Rating: a mobile application to evaluate driver behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160
Author(s):  
Nielson S. Trindade ◽  
Artur H. Kronbauer ◽  
Helder G. Aragão ◽  
Jorge Campos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems

The combination of data from sensors embedded in vehicles and smartphones promises to generate great innovations in intelligent transportation systems. This article presents Driver Rating, a mobile application to evaluate the behavior of drivers based on the data gathered from vehicles´ and smartphones´ sensors. The Driver Rating application analyzes five variables (fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emission, speed, longitudinal acceleration, and transverse acceleration) to evaluate driver´s behaviors while driving. To test the Driver Rating application and identify its potentialities, an experiment was carried out on an urban environment, showing promising results regarding the classification of drivers’ behavior.

scholarly journals FUEL SUBSIDY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Folorunso Sunday Ayadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of energy subsidy, energy consumption, urbanization, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gases in Nigeria. Based on the method of cointegration and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the study utilized data from 1970 to 2018 for the analysis. The study found fossil fuel consumption, economic growth, trade openness and PMS Price (a proxy for subsidy) as significantly increasing emission (Carbon dioxide) in Nigeria. The implication is that as that as the prices of PMS goes up (due to subsidy reduction), more of fuel is consumed. Our analysis demonstrated that PMS is price inelastic in Nigeria. In addition, subsidy or its removal will have no impact on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gas emission in Nigeria. The study recommends the development of cleaner, renewable fuels and the development of abatement technology so as to mitigate the environmental impacts of growth. In addition, since the reduction in subsidy has no deterrent impact on fossil fuel consumption in Nigeria, then the recent removal of fossil fuel subsidy in Nigeria is a welcome development at least for the environment.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON EEOI PARAMETRIC CONNECTION OF A SHIP DURING THE REAL VOYAGE CONDUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Valeriy E. Leonov Leonov ◽  
Oleksandr D. Serdyuk Serdyuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Parametric Dependence ◽  
Distance Calculation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index

The round-the-world transition of m/v Katherine ship is considered. The aim of this work is to minimize the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) of the vessel, and, accordingly, to minimize the ship's fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission depending on the parameters of sea transition: Vs, mass of transported cargo, and the distance of the passage. For specifically selected ship power plant (SPP), the parametric dependence of Vs and fuel consumption on the share of used power is determined by calculation method. The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) is determined by the model given in Resolution MEPC.212(63). The EEOI is determined depending on the ship fuel consumption, the carbon concentration in the ship’s fuel with the main parameters accepted for transition Vs, transported cargo mass , the sea passage distance . Calculation studies are conducted in a wide range of sea transition parameters – transition distance within 200 to 2,800 nm, the Vs from 0.01 to 24.0 knots, cargo mass ranging within 4,000 to 70,000 tons.

scholarly journals Research on PHEV comprehensive fuel consumption based on fuel-electricity conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Luowei Zhang ◽  
Zhicheng Ma ◽  
Zhihai Niu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Thermal Power Generation ◽  
Saving Effect

In order to show the fuel-saving effect of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) [1]more intuitively, three conversion methods of fuel and electricity were introduced considering different aspects, namely conversion method of simple calorific value, comprehensive calorific value and carbon dioxide emission. Firstly, the energy consumption of two mainstream PHEVs according to the current domestic (China) energy consumption test regulation were tested [2], then the tested values were converted by the three conversion methods to get the equivalent fuel consumption. What’s more, by the introduction of pure electricity Utilization Factor (UF) [3], the fuel consumption of PHEV at two stages (pure electric driving and pure fuel driving) were weighted to obtain the comprehensive fuel consumption. The effects of different conversion methods on fuel consumption were analyzed, and the results were compared horizontally with that of traditional fuel vehicles. The result shows that the comprehensive fuel consumption of PHEV converted by the method of carbon dioxide emission is the highest. Secondly, from the perspective of comprehensive calorific value, PHEV has obvious fuel-saving effect and a better development prospect comparing with traditional fuel vehicle. Last but not the least, PHEV has a significant fuel-saving advantage over traditional fuel vehicle in areas where the proportion of thermal power generation is relatively low, and with the continuous decrease of the overall proportion of thermal power generation, the fuel-saving effect of PHEV will become more and more obvious.

scholarly journals Entropy increase as a measure of energy degradation in heat transfer

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Drożyński
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Entropy Increase ◽  
Energy Degradation

Abstract Heat transfer is an irreversible process. This article defines the entropy increment as a measure of energy degradation in heat transfer realized in typical surface heat exchangers. As an example of the proposed entropy increase method, presented below are the calculations for heat exchangers working in a typical Clausius-Rankine cycle. The entropy increase in such exchangers inevitably leads to increased fuel consumption and, as a further consequence, to increased carbon dioxide emission.

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