Diversity patterns of subterranean invertebrate fauna in calcretes of the Yilgarn Region, Western Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Hyde ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
William F. Humphreys ◽  
Andrew D. Austin ◽  
Pablo Munguia
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Episodic Fluctuations ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Calcrete aquifers are unique groundwater habitats containing stygobiontic species endemic to each calcrete. The evolutionary history of stygofauna suggests the calcretes in Western Australia contain multiple ancient lineages, yet populations experience episodic variation in rainfall patterns, with little-known ecological consequences. The aim of the present study was to document stygofaunal diversity patterns and determine whether they are influenced by rainfall events. The average taxon richness in boreholes peaked shortly after periods of high rainfall, and when dominant taxa were excluded, evenness decreased after periods of both high and low rainfall, indicating that dominant taxa are an important factor in driving the system. Strong abundance–distribution relationships reflected the commonality of taxon groups; common taxon groups had broad distributions and high abundance levels, whereas rare taxon groups had small distributions and low abundance. After periods of intermediate and low rainfall, taxon groups had narrower distributions and the maximum number of individuals per borehole was lower. Finally, the majority of boreholes did not show changes in evenness over the 11-year study period, suggesting a reasonably stable ecosystem with episodic fluctuations that can be attributed to rainfall events. The results of the present study indicate that diversity patterns within boreholes are driven episodically by both external and internal factors, such as rainfall and rapid borehole dominance respectively.

Diversity patterns and evolutionary history of Arabian squamates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Šmíd ◽  
Roberto Sindaco ◽  
Mohammed Shobrak ◽  
Salem Busais ◽  
Karin Tamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Evaluation of the minimum sampling design for population genomic and microsatellite studies. An analysis based on wild maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonás A. Aguirre-Liguori ◽  
Javier A. Luna-Sánchez ◽  
Jaime Gasca-Pineda ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outlier Tests ◽  
Landscape Genetic ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACTMassive parallel sequencing is revolutionizing the field of molecular ecology by allowing to understand better the evolutionary history of populations and species, and to detect genomic regions that could be under selection. However, the needed economic and computational resources generate a tradeoff between the amount of loci that can be obtained and the number of populations or individuals that can be sequenced. In this work, we analyzed and compared two extensive genomic and one large microsatellite datasets consisting of empirical data. We generated different subsampling designs by changing the number of loci, individuals, populations and individuals per population to test for deviations in classic population genetics parameters (HS, FIS, FST) and landscape genetic tests (isolation by distance and environment, central abundance hypothesis). We also tested the effect of sampling different number of populations in the detection of outlier SNPs. We found that the microsatellite dataset is very sensitive to the number of individuals sampled when obtaining summary statistics. FIS was particularly sensitive to a low sampling of individuals in the genomic and microsatellite datasets. For the genomic datasets, we found that as long as many populations are sampled, few individuals and loci are needed. For all datasets we found that increasing the number of population sampled is important to obtain precise landscape genetic estimates. Finally, we corroborated that outlier tests are sensitive to the number of populations sampled. We conclude by proposing different sampling designs depending on the objectives.

scholarly journals How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Tennant ◽  
Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza ◽  
Matthew Baron
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Publication History ◽  
Publication Record ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Dinosaur Evolution ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Assessments of dinosaur macroevolution at any given time can be biased by the historical publication record. Recent studies have analysed patterns in dinosaur diversity that are based on secular variations in the numbers of published taxa. Many of these have employed a range of approaches that account for changes in the shape of the taxonomic abundance curve, which are largely dependent on databases compiled from the primary published literature. However, how these ‘corrected’ diversity patterns are influenced by the history of publication remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the influence of publication history between 1991 and 2015 on our understanding of dinosaur evolution using raw diversity estimates and shareholder quorum subsampling for the three major subgroups: Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha, and Theropoda. We find that, while sampling generally improves through time, there remain periods and regions in dinosaur evolutionary history where diversity estimates are highly volatile (e.g. the latest Jurassic of Europe, the mid-Cretaceous of North America, and the Late Cretaceous of South America). Our results show that historical changes in database compilation can often substantially influence our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. ‘Global’ estimates of diversity based on the fossil record are often also based on incomplete, and distinct regional signals, each subject to their own sampling history. Changes in the record of taxon abundance distribution, either through discovery of new taxa or addition of existing taxa to improve sampling evenness, are important in improving the reliability of our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. Furthermore, the number of occurrences and newly identified dinosaurs is still rapidly increasing through time, suggesting that it is entirely possible for much of what we know about dinosaurs at the present to change within the next 20 years.

scholarly journals How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tennant ◽  
Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza ◽  
Matthew Baron
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Publication History ◽  
Publication Record ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Dinosaur Evolution ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Assessments of dinosaur macroevolution at any given time can be biased by the historical publication record. Recent studies have analysed patterns in dinosaur diversity that are based on secular variations in the numbers of published taxa. Many of these have employed a range of approaches that account for changes in the shape of the taxonomic abundance curve, which are largely dependent on databases compiled from the primary published literature. However, how these ‘corrected’ diversity patterns are influenced by the history of publication remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the influence of publication history between 1991 and 2015 on our understanding of dinosaur evolution using raw diversity estimates and Shareholder Quorum Subsampling for the three major subgroups: Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha and Theropoda. We find that, while sampling generally improves through time, there remain periods and regions in dinosaur evolutionary history where diversity estimates are highly volatile (e.g., the latest Jurassic of Europe, the mid-Cretaceous of North America, and the Late Cretaceous of South America). Our results show that historical changes in database compilation can often substantially influence our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. ‘Global’ estimates of diversity based on the fossil record are often also based on incomplete, and distinct regional signals, each subject to their own sampling history Changes in the record of taxon abundance distribution, either through discovery of new taxa or addition of existing taxa to improve sampling evenness, are important in improving the reliability of our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. Furthermore, the number of occurrences and newly identified dinosaurs is still rapidly increasing through time, suggesting that it is entirely possible for much of what we know about dinosaurs at the present to change within the next 20 years.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Mission Tracks in the Bush

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Gemma Tulud Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
History Of

Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

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