Metabolic activity of zooplankton from the Antarctic Ocean

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
EH Fay
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Q10 Value ◽  
Ets Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Eight species of live zooplankton were transported from the Antarctic Ocean to a tropical laboratory in Queensland, Australia. Their respiration and ammonia excretion rates measured at - 0.5� C were in the order of 0.15-0.55 �l O2/mg dry wt. h and 0.002-0.06�g N mg dry wt. h, respectively. As an indirect estimate enzyme activity of the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) was determined on frozen specimens of 15 zooplankton species brought back from the Antarctic Ocean. The ratio of ETS activity to respiration rate measured in this study was 1.863 � 0.738 (n = 12). The respiration rates thus directly and indirectly obtained were in agreement with results of previous workers. Effect of temperature on respiration and ammonia excretion rates were examined on two selected animal groups of zooplankton- copepods belonging to the family Calanidae and euphausiids of the genus Euphausia- and the results were compared with those for species from other seas where the temperature varies from 5.0 to 27.6�C. From this comparison, acceleration of the rate (standardized to 1 mg dry wt of body) by the increase of temperature (expressed as a Q10 value) was 2.18 for respiration rate and 2.58 for ammonia excretion rate.

scholarly journals Metabolic rates of the antarctic amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica at different temperatures and salinities

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomes ◽  
Maria José de Arruda Campos Rocha Passos ◽  
Arthur José da Silva Rocha ◽  
Thais da Cruz Alves dos Santos ◽  
Alex Sander Dias Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Compensation ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Antarctic Amphipod ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
The Antarctic

Changes in environmental factors may deeply affect the energy budget of Antarctic organisms as many of them are stenothermal and/or stenohaline ectotherms. In this context, the aim of this study is to contribute to knowledge on variations in the energy demand of the Antarctic amphipod, Gondogeneia antarctica as a function of temperature and salinity. Experiments were held at the Brazilian Antarctic Station "Comandante Ferraz", under controlled conditions. Animals collected at Admiralty Bay were acclimated to temperatures of 0ºC; 2.5ºC and 5ºC and to salinities of 35, 30 and 25. Thirty measurements were made for each of the nine combinations of the three temperatures and three salinities, totalling 270 measurements. Metabolic rates were assessed by oxygen consumption and total nitrogenous ammonia excretion, in sealed respirometers. When acclimated to salinities 30 or 35, metabolic rates at 0ºC and 2.5ºC were very similar indicating a possible mechanism of metabolic compensation for temperature. At 5.0ºC, however, metabolic rates were always higher. Lower salinities enhanced the effects of temperature on metabolism and ammonia excretion rates. The physiological adaptations of individuals of G. antarctica suggest adaptive mechanisms for energy saving, adjusted to an environment with stable conditions of temperature and salinity. Little is known about the joint effects of salinity and temperature and this study is an important contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of polar organisms in their adaptation to both factors.

Ammonia Excretion in Corophium volutator: Using an Automated Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Hawkins ◽  
Paul D. Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Rates of ammonia excretion for Corophium volutator were determined for 99 individuals using an automated method. The method allowed rapid and precise determination of excretion rates for single animals as a function of time. Excretion rates for Corophium ranged from 0.66 to 24.4 ng-atm∙mg−1∙h−1 for animals weighing 0.10–1.87 mg dry weight.Key words: ammonia, excretion rate, Corophium volutator

Gnathiphimedia mandibularis K.H. Barnard 1930, an Antarctic amphipod (Acanthonotozomatidae, Crustacea) feeding on Bryozoa

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oliver Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antarctic Amphipod ◽  
The Antarctic

The family Acanthonotozomatidae is widely distributed, especially in the Antarctic Ocean. Although many acanthonotozomatids are very conspicuous (they are relatively large and often armoured with teeth on tergites and appendages) very little is known about their biology (Just 1978, Coleman 1989).

Recovery of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Anisakidae) larvae from codfish of the Antarctic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Y Chai ◽  
S M Guk ◽  
J J Sung ◽  
H C Kim ◽  
Y M Park
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
The Antarctic

THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN

2014 ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Georg Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
The Antarctic

Observations on moulting in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba Dana)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
P Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Dunaliella Tertiolecta ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba

Live E. superba were transported from Antarctic waters to a tropical laboratory where observations at the temperature of -0.5�C (0 to - 1.0�C), were made of intermoult period of specimens fed a mixture of microalgae (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) or artificial pet fish food or starved. Mean intermoult period was 26.4-27.1 days for fed specimens and 29.6 days for starved specimens, with no relation to the size of specimens. The moult accounted for a loss of 2.63-4.35% of animal dry weight, which is equivalent to 1.1-1.8% of animal nitrogen or 1.4-2.3% of animal carbon. The contribution of moults to detritus in the Antarctic Ocean was estimated as 0.11 g C m-2 per year.

scholarly journals Metabolism of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from two origins in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M.F. Babarro ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz ◽  
Uxío Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Mussel seed Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from two origins (rocky shore and collector ropes) was cultivated on a raft in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain), from seeding to thinning out, for 226 d (November 1995–July 1996) and two aspects of metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (VO2) and ammonia excretion rate (VNH4-N) were studied in situ.The model derived from multiple analysis of oxygen consumption accounted for 91.9% of the variance, based on dry weight of the mussels and the environmental factors quality of food (organic content) and mainly chlorophyll-a. Seed origin also showed significant influence. The seasonal pattern of the oxygen consumption can be attributed mainly to the variation of chlorophyll-a, which showed a higher range of values in the spring months.Origin of seed did not show a homogeneous effect on oxygen consumption throughout the cultivation period. Collector rope mussels showed higher oxygen consumption values at the beginning of the cultivation period and after the first 15 d, but the rocky shore mussels showed a higher oxygen consumption between days 22 and 110. Energy-conserving patterns and lower condition index at the onset of the experiment for rocky shore mussels could explain these initial differences.Multiple analysis on the variation of ammonia excretion rate provided a model that accounted for 72.6% of the variance based on dry weight of mussels, seed origin and the environmental parameters chlorophyll-a and total particulate matter. The rocky shore mussels showed a significantly higher excretion values for most of the cultivation period, although there was no constant tendency throughout. High excretion values were recorded between January and March, whilst for the rest of the cultivation period values were low.The O:N index was higher in collector rope mussels for most of the cultivation period, which may suggest a more favourable energy metabolism and/or a more appropriate nutritional state for these specimens.

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