Ammonia Excretion in Corophium volutator: Using an Automated Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Hawkins ◽  
Paul D. Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Rates of ammonia excretion for Corophium volutator were determined for 99 individuals using an automated method. The method allowed rapid and precise determination of excretion rates for single animals as a function of time. Excretion rates for Corophium ranged from 0.66 to 24.4 ng-atm∙mg−1∙h−1 for animals weighing 0.10–1.87 mg dry weight.Key words: ammonia, excretion rate, Corophium volutator

scholarly journals Metabolism of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from two origins in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M.F. Babarro ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz ◽  
Uxío Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Mussel seed Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from two origins (rocky shore and collector ropes) was cultivated on a raft in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain), from seeding to thinning out, for 226 d (November 1995–July 1996) and two aspects of metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (VO2) and ammonia excretion rate (VNH4-N) were studied in situ.The model derived from multiple analysis of oxygen consumption accounted for 91.9% of the variance, based on dry weight of the mussels and the environmental factors quality of food (organic content) and mainly chlorophyll-a. Seed origin also showed significant influence. The seasonal pattern of the oxygen consumption can be attributed mainly to the variation of chlorophyll-a, which showed a higher range of values in the spring months.Origin of seed did not show a homogeneous effect on oxygen consumption throughout the cultivation period. Collector rope mussels showed higher oxygen consumption values at the beginning of the cultivation period and after the first 15 d, but the rocky shore mussels showed a higher oxygen consumption between days 22 and 110. Energy-conserving patterns and lower condition index at the onset of the experiment for rocky shore mussels could explain these initial differences.Multiple analysis on the variation of ammonia excretion rate provided a model that accounted for 72.6% of the variance based on dry weight of mussels, seed origin and the environmental parameters chlorophyll-a and total particulate matter. The rocky shore mussels showed a significantly higher excretion values for most of the cultivation period, although there was no constant tendency throughout. High excretion values were recorded between January and March, whilst for the rest of the cultivation period values were low.The O:N index was higher in collector rope mussels for most of the cultivation period, which may suggest a more favourable energy metabolism and/or a more appropriate nutritional state for these specimens.

Some biochemical and physiological aspects of growth and gametogenesis inCrassostrea gigasandOstrea edulisgrown at sustained elevated temperatures

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Mann
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Histological Assessment ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) andOstrea edulis L.were grown at sustained temperatures of 12°, 15°, 18° and 21°C for a period of 19 weeks. Regular assays of weight specific ammonia excretion rate were made, following which animals were sacrificed for estimation of dry meat weight, dry shell weight, biochemical composition (percentage carbon, nitrogen, carbohydrate, ash) and gonadal development (histological assessment). Crassostrea gigas grew from an intial live weight of 5·2 g to values of 23·5, 28·2, 34·6 and 38·7 g at 120, 150, 180 and 21 °C respectively.

The Fractionation of Urinary Neutral 17-Ketosteroids from Chronic Male Schizophrenics

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (420) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reiss ◽  
S. R. Stitch
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Hormone Excretion ◽  
Normal Controls

Investigations carried out in the past into the steroid hormone excretion rate of mental patients have been limited to the quantitative determination of the total compounds. Assay of neutral 17-ketosteroids in particular, has revealed no significant difference in the excretion rates of schizophrenics from that of normal controls (Leth Pedersen, 1947; Lingjaerde and Lierasylet, 1949et al). Pincus (1943) has studied the diurnal excretion pattern of 17-ketosteroids in normal persons; a different pattern was shown to occur in some schizophrenics (Reiss, Hemphill, Gordon and Cook, 1949). Some schizophrenic patients also show considerably greater fluctuations in the 24-hour excretion rate than normal persons (Reisset al., 1949), these fluctuations disappearing after successful treatment of the patients (Reiss, 1952). An increased percentage of excreted 3 β-hydroxy-17-ketosteroids has recently been reported (Mittelman, Romanoff, Pincus and Hoagland, 1952) in schizophrenics compared with normal people, the total ketosteroid excretion rate being found similar in both groups. Increased β-ketosteroid excretion rate was also seen by Reiss, Hemphill, Gordon and Cook (1949), during depressive phases in a state of manic depressive psychosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic acidosis in toluene sniffing

CJEM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Tuchscherer ◽  
Habib Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Renal Tubular Acidosis ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis ◽  
Anion Gap ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Conjugate Bases ◽  
Osmolal Gap ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

ABSTRACT Toluene sniffing, frequently described under the generic category of “glue sniffing,” is a potential cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to distal renal tubular acidosis. Urine anion gap is used to diagnose metabolic acidosis of a normal anion gap variety; however, pitfalls exist when using urine anion gap in the setting of toluene sniffing. We present the case of a young woman who had a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to toluene sniffing and an unexpectedly low urine anion gap. In such a scenario, the urine anion gap will underestimate the rate of ammonia excretion when the conjugate bases of acids other than HCl are excreted in large quantities. Estimation of the urine osmolal gap will provide a more accurate ammonia excretion rate in these circumstances. The challenges in interpretation of the urine anion gap and ammonia excretion in the setting of distal renal tubular acidosis due to toluene toxicity are discussed.

Metabolic activity of zooplankton from the Antarctic Ocean

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
EH Fay
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Q10 Value ◽  
Ets Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Eight species of live zooplankton were transported from the Antarctic Ocean to a tropical laboratory in Queensland, Australia. Their respiration and ammonia excretion rates measured at - 0.5� C were in the order of 0.15-0.55 �l O2/mg dry wt. h and 0.002-0.06�g N mg dry wt. h, respectively. As an indirect estimate enzyme activity of the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) was determined on frozen specimens of 15 zooplankton species brought back from the Antarctic Ocean. The ratio of ETS activity to respiration rate measured in this study was 1.863 � 0.738 (n = 12). The respiration rates thus directly and indirectly obtained were in agreement with results of previous workers. Effect of temperature on respiration and ammonia excretion rates were examined on two selected animal groups of zooplankton- copepods belonging to the family Calanidae and euphausiids of the genus Euphausia- and the results were compared with those for species from other seas where the temperature varies from 5.0 to 27.6�C. From this comparison, acceleration of the rate (standardized to 1 mg dry wt of body) by the increase of temperature (expressed as a Q10 value) was 2.18 for respiration rate and 2.58 for ammonia excretion rate.

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