What to call a dog? A review of the common names for Australian free-ranging dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Kreplins ◽  
A. Gaynor ◽  
M. S. Kennedy ◽  
C. M. Baudains ◽  
P. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Production ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Mesopredator Release ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Free Ranging

Wildlife research is informed by human values and interests, and these are reflected in, and reinforced by, the language used to describe particular species and animals. Examining factors that influence the use of common names of contentious taxa such free-ranging dogs is important, as naming can influence the design and reception of scientific studies. There are a range of common names for free-ranging dogs in Australian scientific literature but the most common names are ‘dingoes’ and ‘wild dogs’. This review investigated influences on the terminology used to describe Australian free-ranging dogs in scientific studies from October 1952 to January 2018. Using a multidimensional scaling analysis, we tested the effects of several potential factors on terminology around Australian free-ranging dogs. We found a significant correlation between studies that reported on ‘wild dog’ control within livestock production–focussed papers and the use of the term ‘dingo’ and discussion of mesopredator release in conservation-related papers. There was a bias associated with author employment, with studies funded by a livestock production organisation more likely to employ ‘wild dog’ terminology. Year of publication and dingo purity within the locale of the study made a lesser contribution to differences in terminology. Our study explores the contextual factors that influence the choice of common names in scientific papers. Although referring to the same species, this review highlights that common terminology within scientific papers is reliant on the discussion of mesopredators release, control programs and the paper’s context.

Managing the ranging behaviour of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using translocated scent marks

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Jackson ◽  
J. Weldon McNutt ◽  
Peter J. Apps
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Scent Mark ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Ranging Behaviour ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Free Ranging

Context Conflict between large carnivores and livestock outside the boundaries of wildlife areas frequently results in losses to both livestock and predator populations. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1820) is wide ranging and unrestricted by conventional fences, thereby posing a major challenge to conservation managers. Wild dogs are territorial and communicate residence using scent marks. Simulating the presence of other wild dogs using translocated foreign scent marks may therefore represent a means to manage wild dog ranging behaviour. Aims To investigate the effectiveness of using targeted scent-mark deployments to signal a wild dog pack to return to their frequented range within the safety of a protected area. Methods We report on the ranging behaviour of a wild dog pack reintroduced into a wildlife area in Botswana with no recent history of resident wild dogs. We describe daily movements by the free-ranging introduced pack and compare these to moves following targeted deployment of scent marks when the wild dog pack had ranged close to or outside the boundaries of the protected area. Key results Targeted foreign scent-mark exposure resulted in the pack moving closer to the geometric centre of its range. The mean distance travelled the day after exposure was significantly greater than the distance travelled the previous day and the mean daily distance moved during the study period. Conclusions Targeted exposure to foreign scent marks proved to be a viable alternative to recapturing dogs that had ranged beyond the boundaries of the wildlife area. Implications This novel approach to managing free-ranging carnivores utilises biologically relevant signals and holds potential not only for the conservation of African wild dogs, but also for other territorial species.

scholarly journals An Infectious Disease and Mortality Survey in a Population of Free-Ranging African Wild Dogs and Sympatric Domestic Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Flacke ◽  
P. Becker ◽  
D. Cooper ◽  
M. Szykman Gunther ◽  
I. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Mortality Survey ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Free Ranging

Disease can cause declines in wildlife populations and significantly threaten their survival. Recent expansion of human and domestic animal populations has made wildlife more susceptible to transmission of pathogens from domestic animal hosts. We conducted a pathogen surveillance and mortality survey for the population of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, from January 2006–February 2007. Samples were obtained from 24 wild dogs for canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) serological testing. Data were collected on the presence of CDV, CPV, and rabies virus in the KZN domestic dog (Canis familiaris) population from 2004–06. The presence of these pathogens was confirmed in domestic dogs throughout KZN. Wild dogs exhibited 0% and 4.2% prevalence for CDV and CPV antibodies, respectively. In 2006 the largest wild dog pack in KZN was reduced from 26 individuals to a single animal; disease due to rabies virus was considered the most probable cause. This study provides evidence that CDV, CPV and rabies are potential threats to African wild dog conservation in KZN. The most economical and practical way to protect wild dogs from canine pathogens may be via vaccination of sympatric domestic dogs; however, such programmes are currently limited.

Guardian dogs protect sheep by guarding sheep, not by establishing territories and excluding predators

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee R. Allen ◽  
Ninian Stewart-Moore ◽  
Damian Byrne ◽  
Benjamin L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Home Ranges ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Scale Interaction ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Free Ranging

Guardian animals have been a common non-lethal method for reducing predator impacts on livestock for centuries in Europe. But elsewhere, livestock producers sometimes doubt whether such methods work or are compatible with modern livestock husbandry practices in extensive grazing systems. In this study we evaluate the hypothesis that guardian dogs primarily ‘work’ by establishing and defending territories from which canid predators are excluded. Eight maremmas and six free-ranging wild dogs of different sexes were fitted with GPS collars and monitored for 7 months on a large sheep property in north Queensland, Australia. Wild dog incursions into the territories of adjacent wild dogs and maremmas were recorded. Wild dog territories never overlapped and their home ranges infrequently overlapped. In contrast, 713 hourly locations from 120 wild dog incursions into maremma territories were recorded, mostly from three wild dogs. These three wild dogs spent a mean of 2.5–5.9 h inside maremma territories during incursions. At this location, maremmas worked by guarding sheep and prohibiting fine-scale interaction between wild dogs and sheep, not by establishing a territory respected by wild dogs. We conclude that shepherding behaviour and boisterous vocalisations of guardian dogs combined with the flocking behaviour of sheep circumvents attacks on sheep but does not prevent nor discourage wild dogs from foraging in close proximity. Certain husbandry practices and the behaviour of sheep at parturition may incur greater predation risk.

Developing the adaptive process-based budgeting through TD-ABC and TD-ABB as part of strategic management accounting

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1194
Author(s):  
A.A. Akhmetzyanov ◽  
A.Yu. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Strategic Management Accounting ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The article focuses on the advanced time-driven tools for allocating overhead expenses, which are based on process-based budgeting. Objectives. We articulate a technique for cost allocation so as to assess the cost of each process with reference to the common time driver. Methods. The study relies upon methods of systematization, classification, analogy and comparison, and summarizes the scientific literature on the subject. Results. The article presents our own suggestions on implementing TD-ABC and TD-ABB into the strategic management accounting process of developer companies. The principles were proved to help more effectively allocate overhead expenses and assess the capacity load of each process performed by functions, departments and employees. Carrying out a comparative analysis, we found certain reserves for utilizing resources more effectively. Conclusions and Relevance. The findings are of scientific and practical significance and can be used by developer and construction businesses. The conclusions can prove helpful for scientific papers, student books, and further research.

scholarly journals Fencing affects African wild dog movement patterns and population dynamics

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Helen M. K. O'Neill ◽  
Sarah M. Durant ◽  
Stefanie Strebel ◽  
Rosie Woodroffe
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
African Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs

Abstract Wildlife fences are often considered an important tool in conservation. Fences are used in attempts to prevent human–wildlife conflict and reduce poaching, despite known negative impacts on landscape connectivity and animal movement patterns. Such impacts are likely to be particularly important for wide-ranging species, such as the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, which requires large areas of continuous habitat to fulfil its resource requirements. Laikipia County in northern Kenya is an important area for wild dogs but new wildlife fences are increasingly being built in this ecosystem. Using a long-term dataset from the area's free-ranging wild dog population, we evaluated the effect of wildlife fence structure on the ability of wild dogs to cross them. The extent to which fences impeded wild dog movement differed between fence designs, although individuals crossed fences of all types. Purpose-built fence gaps increased passage through relatively impermeable fences. Nevertheless, low fence permeability can lead to packs, or parts of packs, becoming trapped on the wrong side of a fence, with consequences for population dynamics. Careful evaluation should be given to the necessity of erecting fences; ecological impact assessments should incorporate evaluation of impacts on animal movement patterns and should be undertaken for all large-scale fencing interventions. Where fencing is unavoidable, projects should use the most permeable fencing structures possible, both in the design of the fence and including as many purpose-built gaps as possible, to minimize impacts on wide-ranging wildlife.

Fate of dried meat baits aimed at wild dog (Canis familiaris) control

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Kreplins ◽  
M. S. Kennedy ◽  
P. J. Adams ◽  
P. W. Bateman ◽  
S. D. Dundas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Emotional Strain ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Target Activity

Context Livestock predation is a worldwide phenomenon, causing financial losses and emotional strain on producers. Wild dogs (Canis familiaris) cause millions of dollars of damage to cattle, sheep and goat production in Australia every year, and despite on-going control (baiting, trapping, shooting, and fencing), they remain a significant problem for livestock producers across many pastoral and agricultural regions of Australia. Aims We aimed to quantify the uptake of dried meat baits by wild dogs and determine whether an olfactory lure (fish oil) could increase uptake. Methods Camera traps and sand pads were used to monitor bait uptake for three baiting events on two pastoral properties in the southern rangelands of Western Australia in 2016 and 2017. Key results Of the 337 monitored baits with a known outcome, young wild dogs (<8 months old) removed only four, three of which were covered in a fish-oil lure. In warmer months, baits were largely consumed by varanids, and in cooler months, when baits were taken it was predominantly by corvids. Varanids and corvids took more baits than expected on the basis of activity indices. Kangaroos, feral cats and wild dogs consumed significantly fewer baits than expected from their activity on camera. Conclusions We have no evidence that adult wild dogs removed baits, despite many opportunities to do so (wild dogs passing cameras), and fewer wild dogs took baits than expected on the basis of activity events seen on camera. Olfactory lures may have the potential to increase bait uptake by naïve individuals (i.e. young dogs), but the sample size was small. Implications Increasing the number of baiting events per year, trialling novel baits, and baiting during low non-target activity are some of the recommended methods that may increase bait persistence and uptake by wild dogs.

scholarly journals Recovery of Sarcocystis oocysts from a free-ranging wild dog (Lycaon pictus) : to the editor

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn ◽  
D.T. Durand ◽  
E. Lane ◽  
A. Ide ◽  
M.S. Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs

Oryx ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Woodroffe
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Future Management

AbstractControversy has surrounded the role of intervention in studies of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus. Following the death or disappearance of all wild dogs under study in the Serengeti ecosystem, it was suggested that immobilization, radio-collaring or administration of rabies vaccines might have caused high mortality by compromising wild dogs′ immune response to rabies virus. Planning future management and research on wild dogs and other species demands an assessment of the risks associated with such intervention. This paper critically reviews the available evidence and concludes that it is extremely unlikely that intervention contributed to the extinction of wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem. A more likely scenario is that vaccination failed to protect wild dogs exposed to rabies virus. Radio-collaring is an important component of wild dog research; hence, the benefits of immobilization appear to outweigh the risks, as long as (i) research is orientated towards wild dog conservation, (ii) radiocollaring is followed up by efficient monitoring, (iii) the number of animals immobilized is kept to the minimum necessary to maintain scientific rigour, and (iv) full data on disease and genetics are collected from all immobilized animals. By contrast, rabies vaccination currently seems to confer few benefits, at least when a single dose of vaccine is given. Further research, on captive animals, is in progress to establish more effective protocols, and to assess the role that vaccination might play in future management of wild dog populations.

Social landscape of the night parrot in western Queensland, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Garnett ◽  
Mark Kleinschmidt ◽  
Micha V. Jackson ◽  
Kerstin K. Zander ◽  
Stephen A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wild Dogs

The attitudes of the owners or managers of properties potentially supporting populations of night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) in western Queensland, Australia, were explored using interviews to understand whether they would be sympathetic to the species’ conservation. Eighteen interviews were carried out by a former member of the local grazing community and found a high level of support for conservation, especially if it did not unduly disrupt existing grazing management practices and there was compensation in the event property management needed to change. This included trying to limit burning and not overgrazing habitat in which the parrot might occur. It also included the cessation of wild dog baiting, which is conducted to reduce calf losses, although concern about wild dogs was deeply entrenched. While some graziers were indifferent, none were openly antagonistic to parrot conservation that might involve their property. The results suggest that collaborative management with local graziers can contribute substantially to conservation of the night parrot in the region and any fears that graziers might be antagonistic to night parrot conservation are ill-founded.

The effect of ant activity on meat baits impregnated with sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) used for the control of dingoes and wild dogs.

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Merks ◽  
MC Calver
Keyword(s):  
Sun Drying ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs

Wild dog and dingo baits impregnated with the toxin 1080 and exposed at two different sites in the field suffered significant reductions in weight compared with controls as a result of ant activity. In one case a bait was completely destroyed in five days, while others were reduced in weight by over 70% during the same period. Sun-drying of baits for 48h before laying did not significantly reduce damage by ants. Ant activity may detoxify baits before they are taken by wild dogs.

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