The substitution effect of grass-fed livestock products on grain-fed livestock products from the perspective of supply-side reform in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilong Lin ◽  
Xiaoyu Xiong ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Yuting Zhao ◽  
Rong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Livestock Products

scholarly journals Overtime Work Determinants of Men and Women in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-343
Author(s):  
Mariana Považanová ◽  
Ján Kollár ◽  
Gabriela Nedelová
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Over Time

The paper deals with the supply side of the Slovak labour market. The main goal of the present study was to examine what variables contribute to the explanation of working over-time (e.g. devoting more than 40 hours per week to paid work) separately for women and men. A binomial logistic regression was used and factors were identified separately for men and women. The data were drawn from the results of primary research conducted in the year 2018. Results suggest that the probability of working overtime is higher for both men and women with higher income. It seems that the substitution effect of an increase in income dominates the income effect. Household circumstances influence the probability of one’s working overtime. In those multi-member households where the husband has higher level of education than the wife, the husband will more likely work overtime and women will be less likely to work overtime. The presence of very young children in households has a significant impact on the reporting of women working overtime. Women with preschool children were less likely to work overtime than women in households in which there were older children or households without children.    

Reviewing the Development of Rural Finance in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duong Pham Bao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Doi Moi

The objective of this article is to review the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam in recent years, especially, after Doi moi. There are two opposite schools of thought in the literature on rural credit policies in developing countries. One is the conventional supply-side (government-led) approach while the other is called “a new paradigm” that emphasizes the importance of the viability of financial providers and the well functioning of rural credit markets. Conventional theories of rural finance contend that rural finance in low-income countries is generally accompanied by many failures. Contrary to these theories, rural finance in Vietnam does not encounter the above-mentioned failures so far. Up to the present time, it is progressing well. Using a supply-side approach, methodologically, this study reviews the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam. The significance of this study is to challenge the extreme view of dichotomizing between the old and the new credit paradigms. Analysis in this study contends that a rural financial market that, (1) is initiated and spurred by government; (2) operates principally under market mechanisms; and (3) is strongly supported by rural organizations (semi-formal/informal institutions) can progress stably and well. Therefore, the extremely dichotomizing approach must be avoided.

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