High-Speed Connectivity

Since the early 1990s, there has been a lot of enthusiasm for using high-speed connectivity to develop local community links through education, employment possibilities, fostering community events, and enhancing overall sociability within a local region. 5G is the 5th iteration of a broadband network operating on cellular systems. 5G is not only for mobile phones, but it is also the foundation for virtual reality (VR); the internet of things (IoT); and autonomous transport, immersive services, and public infrastructure; and connecting many electronic devices to the internet. In this chapter, first, the authors have discussed the evolution of 1G network to 6G networks by focussing on its potential impact on the quality of life. Further, 5G applications in IoT, autonomous transport, immersive services, and public infrastructure have been discussed. Then the chapter discusses popular advantages, limitations in the current technologies, implementations, and future perspective.

Commercial fishing, Inuit rights, and internal colonialism in Nunavut

This paper considers the degree to which the concept of ‘internal colonialism’ accurately describes the political economy of Nunavut’s commercial fisheries. Offshore fisheries adjacent to Nunavut were initially dominated by institutions based in southern Canada, and most economic benefits were captured by southern jurisdictions. Decades of political struggle have resulted in Nunavut establishing a role for itself in both the management of offshore resources and the operation of the offshore fishing industry. However, key decisions about fishery management are made by the federal government, and many benefits from Nunavut’s offshore fisheries continue to accrue to southern jurisdictions. The concept of internal colonialism is therefore a useful concept for understanding the historical development and contemporary conflicts over offshore fisheries. By contrast, Nunavut’s inshore fisheries were established as community development initiatives intended to promote economic well-being and stability. While inshore fisheries primarily benefit Inuit community economies, the growth of inshore fisheries has been hampered by small profit margins, inadequate marine infrastructure, and a dearth of baseline data. The federal government’s failure to support the expansion of inshore fisheries is a manifestation of internal colonialism, insofar as it reflects an unequal distribution of public infrastructure and research.

Post-Conflict Azerbaijan and Development for Peace

The recent military confrontation including Armenia and Azerbaijan, which raged unabated for six weeks, has caused casualties, damages, and displacement of the local population. The fighting pushed hundreds of thousands to flee their homes for safety, of which some remain displaced and will not be able to return to their homes in the long term. The hostilities have brought damage to livelihoods, houses, and public infrastructure. Moreover, many areas have been left with mines and other unexploded ordnances, bringing significant risks for the civilian population. Despite the ceasefire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan on 10 November 2020, the humanitarian situation remains of concern. The President of Azerbaijan paid more attention to the rebuilding and reconstruction of Karabakh rather than to continue endless discussions on the status of Karabakh. Ilham Aliyev said that, during the second Karabakh war, Armenia committed war crimes. We are facing a great challenge and a great task related to the demining and reconstruction of liberated territories.

Characteristics of merging behavior in large crowds

Merging pedestrian flow can be observed often at public intersections and locations where two or more channels merge. Because of restrictions on the flow, pedestrian congestion, or even crowd disasters (e.g. Hajj crush 2015) happen easily at these junctions. However, studies on merging behaviors in large crowds remain rare. This paper investigates the merging characteristics of the pedestrian flow with controlled experiments under laboratory conditions. The formation of lanes is observed, and the lane separation width can vary for different density levels. Shannon entropy is used to analyze the utilization of the passage. The space usage in the merging area is most efficient when the width of the two branches is half that of the main corridor. Furthermore, the branch and main channel can mutually bottleneck each other in the large crowds and the flowrates for the upstream, downstream and branches are investigated. This study uses spatiotemporal diagrams to explore the clogging propagation of the merging flow as well as the relationship of the velocity and position. The results can be used as references for the design of public infrastructure and human safety management.

Conclusion: Strategic Learning and Situational High Reliability

Public authorities are not high reliability organizations per se but they need to act as one as soon as safety issues are at stake. When it comes to construction and public infrastructure, however, responsibility for human safety may compete with the perceived necessity to respond to quests for accelerated licensing, fostering the local economy and general urban development, cooperative relations with contractors and consultants, compromises in local politics and similar types of legitimate expectations of clientele and the general public. Strategic learning for the sake of sustainable prevention requires to realize the responsiveness versus responsibility trade-off in the first place and to acknowledge the consequences for personal conduct in office under specific situational conditions. In the essence, it is about the strength and strengthening of professional and institutional integrity for the sake of human safety as an integral part of good governance and mindful public management.

KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK AGROWISATA KACINAMBUNAN HIGHLAND PUNCAK 2000 SIOSAR KECAMATAN TIGAPANAH KABUPATEN KARO

The tourism sector today still relies on the use of coastal areas as objects. There needs to be a tourist attraction so that it is more diverse. The tourism sector is also expected to encourage other sectors such as the plantation, agriculture, trade, and industrial sectors. While in the agricultural sector is agro-tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of agro-tourism objects, especially Agro-tourism in the Kacinambun Highlands, Puncak 2000, Siosar, Kacinambun Village, Tigapanah District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The focus of the research is the study of development factors with sub-focuses, namely: 1) attractiveness conditions, 2) accessibility conditions, 3) facilities and infrastructure conditions, 3) promotion conditions, and 4) visiting conditions. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show, 1) the attraction is the beautiful nature offered by the charm and views of the community's plantations, 2) easy accessibility, positioning strategies, transportation networks are still minimal, 3) facilities and infrastructure are already supportive and available both complementary infrastructure, supporting infrastructure, and public infrastructure but not yet maximized. 4) tourism promotion utilizes social media, magazines, and daily newspapers to provide information to potential tourists, and 5) efforts to increase visits are carried out by developing attractions, facilities and also utilizing natural beauty such as community agricultural plants with multicultural types of plants to be shown to tourists.