Research into the Safe Distance for Opening a Car Door in Order to Avoid Approaching Motorcycles from the Rear

Car drivers may misjudge the speed and distance of oncoming vehicles when getting out of their vehicles, leading to door crash accidents. The author invented a patented side-view mirror with distance markers to prevent such door crash accidents. Through the means of behavioural observation experiments, the main objective of this research was to observe the minimum safe distance from the rear of an approaching vehicle when opening the door of the car. The experimental results determined that the use of the Dutch Reach method yielded the shortest safe distance. Compared to the other three judgment solutions, the use of the patented side-view mirror with a distance marker to judge the minimum average safety distance had the longest distance and was the safest, meaning that it is able to help female drivers to judge the distance of approaching motorcycles from the rear and to maintain a sufficient safe distance when opening the door.

Non-Contact Optical Detection of Foreign Materials Adhered to Color Filter and Thin-Film Transistor

This paper describes the non-contact optical detection of debris material that adheres to the substrates of color filters (CFs) and thin-film transistors (TFTs) by area charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and laser sensors. One of the optical detections is a side-view illumination by an area CCD that emits a coherency light to detect debris on the CF. In contrast to the height of the debris material, the image is acquired by transforming the geometric shape from a square to a circle. As a result, the side-view illumination from the area CCD identified the height of the debris adhered to the black matrix (BM) as well as the red, green, and blue of a CF with 95, 97, 98, and 99% accuracy compared to the golden sample. The uncertainty analysis was at 5% for the BM, 3% for the red, 2% for the green, and 1% for the blue. The other optical detection, a laser optical interception with a horizontal alignment, inspected the material foreign to the TFT. At the same time, laser sensors intercepted the debris on the TFT at a voltage of 3.5 V, which the five sets of laser optics make scanning the sample. Consequently, the scanning rate reached over 98% accuracy, and the uncertainty analysis was within 5%. Thus, both non-contact optical methods can detect debris at a 50 μm height or lower. The experiment presents a successful design for the efficient prevention of a valuable component malfunction.

Air–Water Bubbly Flow by Multiple Vents on a Hydrofoil in a Steady Free-Stream

Flow features, due to air injection through multiple vents on the surface of a hydrofoil inclined at an angle with respect to the free-stream in a cavitation tunnel, are presented here. The hydrofoil, with a chord length, c, is oriented at the angle of inclination, α=3.5∘. The Froude number, Fn, based on the free-stream velocity, V∞, and air injection vent diameter, dh, is 30.30,50.51 and 70.71. Air is injected through multiple vents on the hydrofoil at the non-dimensional air injection coefficient, Cq∼16−8917. The air bubble packing per unit area is quantified using spatial density, SD, at various combinations of Fn,Cq based on a high-speed video from the side view. The time-averaged spatial density, <SD>, is observed to increase in a logarithmic manner with an increase in the air injection rate, Q, at various Froude numbers. There is an increase in the mean spatial density of the bubbles with the increase in Cq at all Fn. A power–law relation is shown to exist between the time-averaged spatial density, <SD>, and the non-dimensional flow variables, Reynolds number, Reair, Fn and Cq based on a regression analysis. By tracking individual finite volume bubbles flowing with the free-stream, the bubble dimensions in pixels are quantified using quantities such as the deformation rate, ϵ, and standardization, ϵS, from the side-view videos. It is observed that ϵ and ϵS change with time, even as they become advected with the free-stream. Through high-speed imaging from the top view, we characterize the bubbly flow features’ time-averaged thickness, t, at various combinations of Fn,Cq at α=3.5∘. We obtain a power-law relation between the non-dimensional time-averaged jet thickness, t/c, and the non-dimensional flow parameters such as, Reair, Fn,Cq and the non-dimensional streamwise distance, x/xref, based on a regression analysis, where xref is a reference distance. The results are relevant to engineering applications where the air–water bubbly flow in a free-stream is important.

A novel method of identifying inner ear malformation types by pattern recognition in the mid modiolar section

Identification of the inner ear malformation types from radiographs is a complex process. We hypothesize that each inner ear anatomical type has a uniqueness in its appearance in radiographs. The outer contour of the inner ear was captured from the mid-modiolar section, perpendicular to the oblique-coronal plane, from which the A-value was determined from CT scans with different inner ear anatomical types. The mean A-value of normal anatomy (NA) and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) anatomical types was greater than for Incomplete Partition (IP) type I, II, III and cochlear hypoplasia. The outer contour of the cochlear portion within the mid-modiolar section of NA and EVAS resembles the side view of Aladdin’s lamp; IP type I resembles the side-view of the Sphinx pyramid and type II a Pomeranian dog’s face. The steep spiraling cochlear turns of IP type III resemble an Auger screw tip. Drawing a line parallel to the posterior margin of internal auditory canal (IAC) in axial-view, bisecting the cavity into cochlear and vestibular portions, identifies common-cavity; whereas a cavity that falls under the straight-line leaving no cochlear portion identifies cochlear aplasia. An atlas of the outer contour of seventy-eight inner ears was created for the identification of the inner malformation types precisely.

Application of spectral and spatial processing methods to sonar images

The paper proposes the use of the method of renormalization with limitation (MRL) for suppressing the speckle noise of images obtained using sonar. The method is tested on real images obtained by the interferometric side-view sonar. The principal possibility of a significant reduction in the speckle noise level is found due to the fact that the MRL renormalizes the spectrum of the sonar image to the universal reference spectrum (URS) model, which is a model of the spectrum of a "good" quality grayscale image. To increase the overall sharpness of the image, after applying the MRL, it is proposed to use spatial brightness transformations. The study allows us to conclude that the application of MRL to sonar images can significantly reduce speckle noise.

Experimental and Numerical Study for Estimation and Reduction of The Blind Spot in A Passenger Car

The purpose of developing an automobile was to reduce human effort, travel faster, and cover longer distances. Cars were meant for transporting a small number of people from one point to another. In India, the four-wheeler segment has picked up over the years due to economic liberalization. The vehicles have been undergoing constant improvements. This may be either in the design or the final product. Also, the importance of aerodynamics is a crucial factor considered while designing a vehicle. This study focuses on improving the aerodynamics of the side-view mirror and reducing the blind spot region. The side mirror of Toyota Etios Liva was used in this study. Blind spots were first determined, and the mirror drag is analyzed experimentally in a wind tunnel and numerically using commercial software. The results show that the drag value of the new mirror was 0.449 compared to 0.634 of the original mirror. This work helps to reduce the blind spot region of the car considered for the study.

Effect of Linear Type Traits Influences on Survivability and Longevity of Sahiwal Cattle

Background: The linear type traits are the one of important tools for selection of milch cattle. The lifespan of cattle mostly depends on these linear type traits particularly feet and udder related traits. So it is necessary to measure the linear type traits and effect on longevity of Sahiwal cattle. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 86 Sahiwal cattle maintained in Bull mother experimental farm and government cattle breeding farm, Anjora, Durg (C.G.). The linear type traits in Sahiwal cattle were measured as per the recommendation of International committee for animal recording (ICAR). Result: The different linear type traits were studied the average value of stature 125.39±0.534, Chest width 27±0.49, rump angle 12.75±0.97, rump width 17.32±0.29, rear leg set (side view) 146.03°±0.91, rear leg set (rear view) -3.74±0.15, udder depth 18.97±0.43, udder cleft 2.77±0.95, rear udder height 24.06±0.45, fore udder attachment 130.50±1.75° and front teat position 3.61±0.13 cm. these linear type traits mainly affects the longevity and survivability of Sahiwal herds. The most of the traits were found to be intermediate type it leads to increase the longevity and fewer reproductive problems in the Sahiwal herds.

Pembuatan Game 2D Susun Terjemah Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab dengan Memanfaatkan Library A* Karya Aron Granberg

Kemajuan teknologi memberikan banyak pengaruh di berbagai cabang. Salah satunya pada cabang game. Game merupakan salah satu bentuk kemajuan di bidang teknologi. Teknologi Game juga semakin berkembang dari masa ke masa dan semakin beragam maksud dan tujuan dalam pembuatannya. Dilihat dari sisi jenisnya, game dapat dibedakan game 3D dan 2D. Game 2D merupakan game dengan perspektif side-view, dimana pemain hanya dapat melihat karakter hanya dari satu sisi saja. Dari satu jenis game ini, dapat dibedakan menjadi banyak genre yang mempengaruhi karakter yang ada pada game. Pada umumnya setiap game akan terasa lebih menarik dan menantang jika terdapat non player character (NPC). Agar NPC dapat berperan sebagaimana karakter utama, maka diperlukan kecerdasan buatan. Salah satu kecerdasan buatan yang dapat digunakan adalah A* pathfinding. Dengan kecerdasan tersebut, NPC dapat mencari rute tercepat untuk berpindah dari satu titik ke titik lainnya. Pemaparan metode dan penjelasan pada penelitian disajikan secara detail dan sistematis agar mudah dipahami. Pada hasil diperlihatkan NPC yang mengejar karakter utama dan tugas karakter utama adalah mengalahkan semua NPC dan menemukan setiap huruf yang tersembunya di dalam game. Algoritma A Star (A*) terbukti dapat digunakan pada NPC di game 2 dimensi sehingga NPC dapat mengikuti karakter utama dan menyerang karena NPC berperan sebagai musuh dalam game