Nitrogen mineralisation rates from soil amended with dairy pond waste

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Noonan ◽  
M. Zaman ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
H. J. Di
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N Release ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Water Soluble C

An open incubation and leaching study was conducted under controlled temperature (25°C) and moisture conditions to measure the N mineralisation rate in soil amended with dairy pond sludge. The dairy pond sludge was applied at 3 different rates equivalent to 0, 200, and 400 kg N/ha. The incubation was conducted at 3 different soil moisture potentials (0, -3, and -13 kPa). Following each 2-week period of incubation, the soil was leached with 2 pore volumes of deionised water to remove the mineralisation products. Mineralisation products in the leachate and enzyme activities, microbial biomass C and N, pH, and water-soluble C in the soil were determined. The incubation lasted 18 weeks. Rapid release of nitrate occurred during the first 6 weeks of incubation, followed by a slow release over the remainder of the incubation period. Although the total amount of N released in the 200 kg N/ha treatment (169 mg N/kg soil) was less than in the 400 kg N/ha treatment (206 mg N/kg soil), when expressed as a percentage of the organic N applied, the amount of N released at the lower rate (18·4%) was greater than that at the higher rate of sludge treatment (13·0%). Rapid nitrification decreased the soil leachate ammonium concentration and the soil pH. Soil microbial biomass, water-soluble C, and deaminase activity were significantly increased after the addition of dairy pond sludge. The increase in soil microbial biomass observed was probably due to the increased water-soluble C and nutrients that stimulated the soil microbial growth. The rapid N release and nitrification rates observed were attributed to the low C : N ratio (12·7), high ammonium content (145 mg N/kg) of the dairy pond sludge used, and the optimum moisture and temperature conditions. The narrow range of soil water potential conditions did not have any significant effect on N release rate or amount.

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO2 evolution after three years of manure application

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
E. G. Gregorich
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Amendments ◽  
Soluble C

Application of manure and fertilizer affects the rate and extent of mineralization and sequestration of C in soil. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 3 yr of application of N fertilizer and different manure amendments on CO2 evolution and the dynamics of soil microbial biomass and soluble C in the field. Soil respiration, soluble organic C and microbial biomass C were measured at intervals over the growing season in maize soils amended with stockpiled or rotted manure, N fertilizer (200 kg N ha−1) and with no amendments (control). Manure amendments increased soil respiration and levels of soluble organic C and microbial biomass C by a factor of 2 to 3 compared with the control, whereas the N fertilizer had little effect on any parameter. Soil temperature explained most of the variations in CO2 flux (78 to 95%) in each treatment, but data from all treatments could not be fitted to a unique relationship. Increases in CO2 emission and soluble C resulting from manure amendments were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.75) with soil temperature. This observation confirms that soluble C is an active C pool affected by biological activity. The positive correlation between soluble organic C and soil temperature also suggests that production of soluble C increases more than mineralization of soluble C as temperature increases. The total manure-derived CO2-C was equivalent to 52% of the applied stockpiled-manure C and 67% of the applied rotted-manure C. Estimates of average turnover rates of microbial biomass ranged between 0.72 and 1.22 yr−1 and were lowest in manured soils. Manured soils also had large quantities of soluble C with a slower turnover rate than that in either fertilized or unamended soils. Key words: Soil respiration, greenhouse gas, soil carbon

scholarly journals Assessing the Response of Tomato Yield, Fruit Composition, Nitrogen Absorption, and Soil Nitrogen Fractions to Different Fertilization Management Strategies in the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Duan ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Yuling Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Fan ◽  
Na Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Biomass N

A greenhouse field experiment involving tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was performed using different nitrogen (N) management regimes: sole application of differing rates of chemical N fertilizer (SC) (SC treatments: N0, N1, N2, and N3) and combined application of manure and chemical N fertilizer (MC) (MC treatments: MN0, MN1, MN2, and MN3). These were used to understand the relationship between comprehensive fruit composition, yield, and N fractions (soil mineral N; soil soluble organic N; soil microbial biomass N, and soil fixed ammonium) under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the MC treatments significantly increased vitamin C and soluble sugar content compared with SC treatments. In addition, the MN2 treatment produced a high yield and had a positive effect on fruit composition. The N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatments resulted in a high loss of N below the root zone (0–30 cm), consequently reducing N use efficiency. Soil mineral N, soil soluble organic N, and soil fixed ammonium tended to be higher during the first fruiting period, whereas soil microbial biomass N tended to be higher during the second fruiting period. MC treatments significantly increased the N fraction in the 0- to 30-cm soil layer; N fractions tended to be higher with the MN2 treatment. According to an optimum regression equation, soil fixed ammonium during the first fruiting period and soil microbial biomass N during the second fruiting period had a more significant influence on tomato yield and fruit composition. Overall, application MC at an appropriate rate (MN2: 608 kg N/ha) is a promising approach to achieving high yields and optimum taste, and it offers a more sustainable fertilizer management strategy compared with chemical N fertilization.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN C : N : Р RATIOS IN PLANT BIOMASS, SOIL AND SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS DUE TO THE WARMING AND DESSICATION EFFECT OF FLARING

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Dudareva ◽  
A. K. Kvitkina ◽  
I. A. Yusupov ◽  
I. V. Yevdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratios

Climate warming results in significant changes in the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The ecosystems situated near oil-well gas flares may be used as model ones for studying warming effect on soil and vegetation. By contrast to regular manipulation experiments where ecopysiological factors are modified or controlled artificially, we used anthropogenically affected condi-tions caused by the gas flaring. Our research was aimed to assess the warming and desiccation effect on the stoichiometric ratios of the principle nutrients (C : N : P) in pine phytomass, soil and soil microbial biomass. Soil organic matter (SOM) and dying microbial biomass were found to be exposed to the increased rate of mineralization under conditions of the abiotic stress. In addition, the de-crease of relative С content in sustainable SOM pools occured along with the increase of C content in the most labile water-soluble pools. Accelerated SOM mineralization decreasing C : N with respect to phosphorus ratio in soil and soil microbial biomass was sufficiently intensified by the decrease in C : N : P in pine needles. Thus, studying changes in stoichiometric ratios of biophylic ele-ments as affected by abiotic factors seems to be prospective and promising methodological approach for predicting terrestrial ecosystem transformations under global climate changes.

scholarly journals Compound-specific <sup>15</sup>N stable isotope probing of N assimilation by the soil microbial biomass: a new methodological paradigm in soil N cycling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1135-1160
Author(s):  
A. F. Charteris ◽  
T. D. J. Knowles ◽  
K. Michaelides ◽  
R. P. Evershed
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
N Assimilation

Abstract. A compound-specific nitrogen-15 stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) technique is described which allows investigation of the fate of inorganic- or organic-N amendments to soils. The technique uses gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the δ15N values of individual amino acids (AAs; determined as N-acetyl, O-isopropyl derivatives) as proxies of biomass protein production. The δ15N values are used together with AA concentrations to quantify N assimilation of 15N-labelled substrates by the soil microbial biomass. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through incubation experiments using inorganic 15N-labelled substrates ammonium (15NH4+) and nitrate (15NO3-) and an organic 15N-labelled substrate, glutamic acid (15N-Glu). Assimilation of all the applied substrates was undetectable based on bulk soil properties, i.e. % total N (% TN), bulk soil N isotope composition and AA concentrations, all of which remained relatively constant throughout the incubation experiments. In contrast, compound-specific AA δ15N values were highly sensitive to N assimilation, providing qualitative and quantitative insights into the cycling and fate of the applied 15N-labelled substrates. The utility of this 15N-AA-SIP technique is considered in relation to other currently available methods for investigating the microbially-mediated assimilation of nitrogenous substrates into the soil organic N pool. This approach will be generally applicable to the study of N cycling in any soil, or indeed, in any complex ecosystem.

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