Effect of forms of nitrogen supply on mobilisation of phosphorus from a phosphate rock and acidification in the rhizosphere of tea

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. N. Zoysa ◽  
P. Loganathan ◽  
M. J. Hedley
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Rhizosphere Ph ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
N Form ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Tea Plants

Nitrogen (N) is the main fertiliser input to tea plantations because of the large removal of this element with regular harvests of young shoots in the field. The form of N supply is known to influence the uptake of other plant nutrients, notably phosphorus (P), through its effect on soil pH in the rhizosphere. A glasshouse study was conducted to test the effect of N form (NH +4, NO-3 , or both) on the transformation of soil P in the rhizosphere and its availability to tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants fertilised with sparingly soluble Eppawala phosphate rock (EPR). Four-month-old tea (TRI 2025) plants were grown in rhizosphere study containers containing an Ultisol from Sri Lanka (pH 4 ·5 in water) amended with EPR and KCl at 200 g P or K/g soil, and mixed with (NH4)2SO4 (100% NH+4 -N), NH4NO3 (50% NH+4 -N and 50% NO-3 -N), and Ca(NO3)2 (100% NO-3 -N) at the rate of 200 g N/g soil, with a control (no N fertiliser), as treatments. Rhizosphere pH decreased compared with the bulk soil when N was supplied as NH+4 or NH+4 +NO-3 forms, and increased when N was supplied as NO-3. The cation{anion balance estimations in the plants showed that the plants had taken up more NO-3 than NH+4 even in (NH4)2SO4 treated soil, suggesting high nitrification rates, especially in the rhizosphere, in spite of using a nitrification inhibitor. More EPR dissolved in the rhizosphere compared with that in the bulk soil, regardless of the N form applied. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment had the highest dissolution rate of EPR in the rhizosphere, whereas Ca(NO3)2 treatment had the lowest, reflecting the degree of acidification in the rhizosphere. Resin-P and NaOH-Pi (inorganic P) concentrations were lower and NaOH-Po (organic P) concentration was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Plant and possible microbial uptake of P is the main reason for the decrease in resin-P and NaOH-Pi. The increase in NaOH-Po concentration in the rhizosphere is believed to be due to transformation of Pi to Po by the high microbial activity in the rhizosphere. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment caused the highest depletion of resin-P but lowest depletion of NaOH-Pi, probably due to the fixation of P by the soils at the low pH in the rhizosphere. The study revealed that the use of the NH+4 form of fertiliser can increase acidification in tea rhizosphere compared with bulk soil and this can enhance the effectiveness of PR fertiliser utilisation by tea plants.

scholarly journals Utilisation of inorganic and organic soil phosphorus in a hill country soil

1992 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Phosphate Rock Residues

Changes in phosphorus (P) fractions of unfertilised and fertilised (superphosphate) soil were investigated over five years at a hill country site near Te Kuiti. Only soil inorganic P (Pi) reserves were utilised for plant uptake when superphosphate was withheld at the site. Immobilisation of P as soil organic P (PO) contributed to depletion of the soil Pi reserves during the first two years of this trial. Where superphosphate was applied, immobilisation of P as PO amounted to about 25% of applied P during the five years measurements were made. Changes in soil P fractions indicated that all forms of soil Pi were utilised when superphosphate was withheld. These included readily available Pi, Al- Pi, Fe-Pi, and residual phosphate rock from previous fertiliser applications. Depletion of the phosphate rock residues in the soil also occurred where superphosphate was applied and appears to have been completed within about two years. The phosphate rock residues had probably accumulated because of the relatively high amounts of unacidulated phosphate rock in superphosphate manufactured before 1983. Accumulation of Po associated with humic acid, or adsorbed on surfaces of hy drous oxides of Al and Fe, occurred in both fertilised and unfertilised soils. The more labile forms of PO also increased in the fertilised soil. Keywords inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, phosphorus immobilisation, soil phosphorus, soil phosphorus fractions, soil phosphorus utilisation.

From rock-eating to vegetarian ecosystems — plant phosphorus acquisition strategies along a Chilean precipitation gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Spielvogel ◽  
Moritz Köster ◽  
Svenja Stock ◽  
Francisco Nájera ◽  
Khaled Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
P Recycling ◽  
The Impact

<p>Besides nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is the major limiting nutrient of terrestrial primary productivity, with major P stocks being bound in soils. Stocks, speciation, and bioavailability of soil P differ among ecosystem types and with rock weathering status, which are both driven by climatic conditions. Microorganisms and plants have developed a range of strategies to mobilize P from organic and inorganic sources, e.g. expression of extracellular phosphatases and excretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA). However, the impact of precipitation, vegetation type, and soil P speciation on plant P acquisition strategies is not well understood, yet.</p><p>A semi-desert-to-humid-temperate-rainforest ecosystem sequence was investigated. Soil samples were taken from three sampling sites, all developed on granodiorite, comprising a precipitation gradient (66 mm a<sup>-1</sup> to 1469 mm a<sup>-1</sup>) along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. Small-scale gradients (mm) from single roots to bulk soil in three depths were sampled to examine changes in P speciation, enabling the identification of local P depletion by plant roots and differences in P-speciation between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. Phosphorus speciation was examined by X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis. LMWOA as biotic weathering agents, and acid phosphatase kinetics as proxy for organic P recycling, were quantified. The aim was to disentangle the impact and functions of roots and associated microorganisms on driving agents of P-cycling.</p><p>Rhizosphere P speciation in soil changed considerably along the precipitation gradient from mainly primary P minerals in the semi-desert ecosystem to a dominance of organic P species in the humid-temperate rainforest. Contents of organically bound P were higher in root proximity compared to bulk soil in the humid-temperate rainforest soils (320 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>and 70 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) and in the topsoil of the Mediterranean woodland ecosystem (134 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup> and 62 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively).  In contrast, the rhizosphere soil was depleted in sesquioxide-adsorbed P in comparison to root-free bulk soil.</p><p>The content of LMWOA was correlated with inorganic P in soils of the semi-desert ecosystem, indicating intensive LMWOA exudation for biogenic P weathering of primary and secondary minerals. Under temperate rainforest LMWOA content, phosphatase activity, and microbial biomass carbon exhibited a negative correlation with secondary inorganic P forms but were positively linked to organic P species. We therefore conclude that P nutrition in this ecosystem relies less on weathering of P bearing minerals by LMWOA but is mainly based on organic P sources.</p><p>In terms of process understanding, these findings clearly show that LMWOA fundamentally change their role in the rhizosphere depending on the nutrient acquisition strategy of the respective ecosystem, which is affected by mean annual precipitation. While LMWOA facilitate biogenic weathering of P bearing minerals in the semi-desert, they mainly contribute to P recycling in the humid-temperate rainforest by preventing its precipitation and sorption. We conclude that P acquisition and cycling depends on the nutritional constrains of the given ecosystem: from biological weathering of inorganic P forms in the semi-desert driven by LMWOA and plant uptake to intensive P recycling from organic forms in the humid-temperate rainforest.</p>

Relationship between phosphorus fractions and properties of highly calcareous soils

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Adhami ◽  
Hamid Reza Memarian ◽  
Farzad Rassaei ◽  
Ehsan Mahdavi ◽  
Manouchehr Maftoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content

Inorganic phosphorus (P) sequential fractionation schemes are applicable techniques to interpret soil P status. The present study was initiated to determine the origin of various P fractions in highly calcareous soils. Inorganic P forms were determined by a sequential fractionation procedure extracting with NaOH (NaOH-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate (CB-P), Na citrate 2 times (C1-P and C2-P), Na citrate-ascorbate (CAs-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD-P), Na acetate (NaAc-P), and HCl (HCl-P). Results showed that NaOH-P was negatively correlated with active iron oxides. CB-P was positively correlated with silt content and negatively related to citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extractable Fe (Fed). This result illustrates the weathering effect on Ca-P, with Ca-P content declining as a consequence of weathering. A negative correlation was observed between C1-P and citrate ascorbate extractable Fe (FeCAs). Second citrate extractable P (C2-P) was negatively related to calcium carbonate equivalent and positively related to hydroxylamine-hydrochloride and neutral ammonium acetate-hydroquinone extractable Mn (Mnh and Mnq). Fine silt (Fsilt) was the most influential factor affecting CAs-P. It seemed citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate extractable Al (Ald), Mnh, and Mnq have been sinks for CBD-P, while free iron oxide compounds (Feo, Fec, and FeCAs) were a major contributing factor for the formation of NaAc-P. Stable P compounds (HCl-P) of highly calcareous soils originated from coarse silt (Csilt) and hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extractable Mn (Mnh).

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

scholarly journals Looming Scarcity of Phosphate Rock and Intensification of Soil Phosphorus Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe C. Baveye
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Past ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Short Essay

In recent years, many researchers have claimed that world reserves of rock phosphate were getting depleted at an alarming rate, putting us on the path to scarcity of that essential resource within the next few decades. Others have claimed that such alarmist forecasts were frequent in the past and have always been proven unfounded, making it likely that the same will be true in the future. Both viewpoints are directly relevant to the level of funding devoted to research on the use of phosphate fertilizers. In this short essay, it is argued that information about future reserves of P or any other resource are impossible to predict, and therefore that the threat of a possible depletion of P reserves should not be used as a key motivation for an intensification of research on soil P. However, there are other, more compelling reasons, both geopolitical and environmental, to urgently step up our collective efforts to devise agricultural practices that make better use of P than is the case at the moment.

Effect of Nanoparticle Phosphate Rock and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi on Soil P-Potential, P-Retention, Organic Carbon and Base Saturation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Solihin ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Fajri Syahid Nurhakim ◽  
Rina Devnita ◽  
Mahfud Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Retention

Intensive agricultural cultivation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols has become several soil properties problem for crop production. Nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi have ability to increase some soil properties content. The research aimed to observe the effect of nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi on soil P-potential, P-retention, C-organic and base saturation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols. The experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design. The nanoparticle phosphate rock consisted of 4 levels. The phosphate solubilizing fungi consisted of 2 levels, and 2 replication. Soil P-Potential, P-Retention, C-organic, and Base Saturation were observed. The factors was observed after one month incubation on soil. Results showed that there were an interaction between nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi on the C-organic after one month incubation. Nanoparticle phosphate rock had affected on C-organic, P-potential and base saturation significantly, but had not affected on P-retention. Utilization of phosphate solubilizing fungi as soil ameliorant had affected significantly on P-potential and C-organic, but had not affected on P-retention and base saturation. Nanoparticle phosphate rock with a dose of 6% had the best effect on increase P-potential and base saturation

scholarly journals Rhizosphere pH and cation‐anion balance determine exudation of nitrification inhibitor 3‐ epi ‐brachialactone suggesting release via secondary transport

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Egenolf ◽  
Supriya Verma ◽  
Jochen Schöne ◽  
Iris Klaiber ◽  
Jacobo Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Rhizosphere Ph ◽  
Secondary Transport

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

scholarly journals Tissue ionome response to rhizosphere pH and aluminum in tea plants ( Camellia sinensis L.), a species adapted to acidic soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Hiroto Yamashita ◽  
Yusuke Fukuda ◽  
Shiori Yonezawa ◽  
Akio Morita ◽  
Takashi Ikka
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Rhizosphere Ph ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Tea Plants

Phosphorus cycling in wheat-pasture rotations. III. Organic phosphorus turnover and phosphorus cycling

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mclaughlin ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
JK Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
P Cycle

The incorporation of 32P and 33P from 33P-labelled fertilizer and 33P-labelled pasture residues into organic and inorganic fractions of soil P was studied in a solonized brown soil (Calcixerollic xerochrept) cropped to wheat (Triticum aestivum). Most of the plant residue 33P was present as inorganic P at the time it was added to the soil, but only 7 days later almost 40% had been incorporated into organic P fractions of the soil. As the fertilizer was banded near the soil surface at sowing, little of the 32P from the 32P-labelled fertilizer was incorporated into organic forms, even after 95 days. From a knowledge of the P uptake by the plants and microorganisms, an integrated P cycle for this soil under wheat-pasture rotations was developed. We propose that fertilization of the pasture phase of the rotation stimulates the build-up of residual inorganic and organic P, while fertilization of the wheat phase predominantly stimulates the accumulation of inorganic forms of P in the soil.

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