Soil carbon stocks under different pastures and pasture management in the higher rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Chan ◽  
A. Oates ◽  
G. D. Li ◽  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
R. J. Prangnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soc Stocks

In Australia, pastures form the basis of the extensive livestock industries and are important components of crop rotation systems. Despite recent interest in the soil carbon sequestration value of pastures in the mitigation of climate change, little information is available on the soil carbon sequestration potential of pastures in New South Wales farming systems. To quantify the soil carbon stocks under different pastures and a range of pasture management practices, a field survey of soil carbon stocks was undertaken in 2007 in central and southern NSW as well as north-eastern Victoria, using a paired-site approach. Five comparisons were included: native v. introduced perennial, perennial v. annual, continuous v. rotational grazing, pasture cropping v. control, and improved v. unimproved pastures. Results indicated a wide range of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks over 0–0.30 m (22.4–66.3 t C/ha), with little difference when calculated based on either constant soil depth or constant soil mass. Significantly higher SOC stocks were found only as a result of pasture improvement using P application compared with unimproved pastures. In this case, rates of sequestration were estimated to range between 0.26 and 0.72 t C/ha.year, with a mean rate of 0.41 t C/ha.year. Lack of significant differences in SOC stocks for the other pastures and pasture management practice comparisons could be due to inherent problems associated with the paired-site survey approach, i.e. large variability, difficulties in obtaining accurate site history, and the occasional absence of a valid control as well as the likely lower rates of SOC sequestration for these other comparisons. There is a need for scientific long-term trials to quantify the SOC sequestration potential of these other pastures and pasture management practices.

scholarly journals Perspectives on studies on soil carbon stocks and the carbon sequestration potential of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (35) ◽  
pp. 3748-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
JuFeng Zheng ◽  
Kun Cheng ◽  
GenXing Pan ◽  
Smith Pete ◽  
LianQing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

Soil carbon sequestration potential of permanent pasture and continuous cropping soils in New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 4544-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam R. McNally ◽  
Mike H. Beare ◽  
Denis Curtin ◽  
Esther D. Meenken ◽  
Francis M. Kelliher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Soil carbon sequestration through crops rotation in a Mediterranean Cambisols: measurement and modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Balugani ◽  
Martina Maines ◽  
Denis Zannoni ◽  
Alessandro Buscaroli ◽  
Diego Marazza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Rothc Model ◽  
Periodic Fluctuations

<p>Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) has been identified by the IPCC as one of the most promising and cheap methodology to reduce atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Moreover, an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) levels improves soil quality by increasing soil structure (and, hence, resistance to erosion) and promoting soil ecosystems services like water retention, productivity, and biodiversity. Various agricultural techniques are available to increase SOC; among them, crop rotation can improve SOC through soil coverage, changes in water regimes, increase in both carbon inputs, and increase in soil aggregates formation.</p><p>SOC dynamic models, such as RothC, have been suggested by the IPCC as a way to evaluate the SCS potentials of different soils. Such models could also be used to evaluate the sequestration potential of different agricultural practices. Moreover RothC allows to estimate the time within which the SOC variation, due to a certain agronomic management, can be considered significant as measurable above a threshold value.</p><p>In this study, we evaluated the SOC changes for different crop rotations through direct measurements and RothC modelling, with the objective of: (a) estimating their SCS potential, and (b) propose a robust monitoring methodology for SCS practices. We performed the study in an agricultural field close to Ravenna (Italy) characterized by Cambisols and humid subtropical climate. Soil carbon content was assessed before the setup of the crop rotation, and after 3 years of rotation. A RothC model was calibrated with field data, and used to estimate SOC dynamics to 50 years, in order to assess long-term SCS. The model results were also used to assess the best methodology to estimate the SOC variation significance.</p><p>The measured SOC was similar to the equilibrium SOC predicted by the RothC model, on average, for the crop rotations. The measurements showed that the SOC, already low at the beginning of the experiment, further decreased due to the crop rotation practice. Of those tested, the best for SCS involves the following crops: corn, soybeans, wheat on tilled soil, and soybeans; while the worst is with corn, wheat on tilled soil, and wheat on untilled soil. However, the SOC variations predicted by RothC for the various rotations were too small to be observable in the field during experimentation. This could be due both to the uncertainty associated with SOC sampling and analysis, and to the short duration of the experiment. The moving average computations on the simulation values allowed us to assess the time required to measure the long-term trend of SOC variation as significant with respect to the environmental background, instrumental error, and SOC periodic fluctuations. That time was estimated to range from 8 to 50 years, changing depending on the rotation type. Periodic fluctuations in SOC should be carefully considered in a monitoring protocol to assess SCS.</p>

Modelling soil carbon stocks in semi-natural and agro-ecosystems – quantifying national scale impacts of the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Janes-Bassett ◽  
Jessica Davies ◽  
Richard Bassett ◽  
Dmitry Yumashev ◽  
Ed Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Storage ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

<p>Throughout the Anthropocene, the conversion of land to agriculture and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen have resulted in significant changes to biogeochemical cycling, including soil carbon stocks. Quantifying these changes is complex due to a number of influential factors (including climate, land use management, soil type) and their interactions. As the largest terrestrial store of carbon, soils are a key component in climate regulation. In addition, soil carbon storage contributes to numerous ecosystem services including food provision. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes to soil carbon stocks, and provide effective strategies for their future management.</p><p>Modelling soil systems provides a means to estimate changes to soil carbon stocks. Due to linkages between the carbon cycle and other major nutrient cycles (notably nitrogen and phosphorus which often limit the productivity of ecosystems), models of integrated nutrient cycling are required to understand the response of the carbon cycle to global pressures. Simulating the impacts of land use changes requires capacity to model both semi-natural and intensive agricultural systems.</p><p>In this study, we have developed an integrated carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model of semi-natural systems to include representation of both arable and grassland systems, and a range of agricultural management practices. The model is applicable to large spatial scales, as it uses readily available input data and does not require site-specific calibration.  After being validated both spatially and temporally using data from long-term experimental sites across Northern-Europe, the model was applied at a national scale throughout the United Kingdom to assess the impacts of land use change and management practices during the last two centuries. Results indicate a decrease in soil carbon in areas of agricultural expansion, yet in areas of semi-natural land use, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has resulted in increased net primary productivity and subsequently soil carbon. The results demonstrate anthropogenic impacts on long-term nutrient cycling and soil carbon storage, and the importance of integrated nutrient cycling within models.</p>

scholarly journals Soil carbon sequestration potential in semi-arid grasslands in the Conservation Reserve Program

Geoderma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Li ◽  
Lisa M. Fultz ◽  
Jennifer Moore-Kucera ◽  
Veronica Acosta-Martínez ◽  
Juske Horita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Arid Grasslands ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effects of Temporal Variation in Long-Term Cultivation on Organic Carbon Sequestration in Calcareous Soils: Nile Delta, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4514
Author(s):  
Manal Alnaimy ◽  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Zuzana Vranayova ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Soil carbon sequestration is a riskier long-term strategy for climate mitigation than direct emissions reduction, but it plays a main role in closing carbon emission gaps. Effects of long-term cultivation on soil carbon sequestration were studied at the western edge of the Nile Delta near Alexandria, Egypt. Seven agricultural fields of different ages (0–50 years in use) were selected and compared with the surrounding desert (virgin soil) and desert shrub-land. Samples were taken at three horizons, 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm, and tested for differences in physical and chemical properties. The results of long-term cultivation reveal that the European Commission (EC) value was 11.77 dS/m in virgin soil, while the EC values decreased to 5.82, 4.23, 3.74, 2.40, and 2.26 dS/m after 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years of cultivation, respectively. The calcareous rock fraction smaller than 50 μm in size revealed another phenomenon, where active calcium carbonate content increased with cultivation practices from 1.15% (virgin soil) to 5.42%, 6.47%, 8.38%, and 10.13% after 5, 10, 20, and 30 years of cultivation, respectively, while shrub-land also showed a low amount of active CaCO3 with 1.38%. In fifty years of cultivation, soil bulk density decreased significantly from 1.67 to 1.11 g/cm3, and it decreased to 1.65, 1.44, 1.40, and 1.25 g/cm3 after 5, 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively. These results reveal that the increase in soil carbon stock in the upper 90 cm amounted to 41.02 t C/ha after five years of cultivation, compared to virgin soil with 13.47 t C/ha. Soil carbon levels increased steeply during the five years of cultivation, with an average rate of 8.20 t C/ha per year in the upper 90 cm. After the first five years of cultivation, the carbon sequestration rate slowed, reaching 4.68, 3.77, 2.58, and 1.93 t C/ha per year after 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, respectively, resulting in sequestration-potential values of 46.78, 75.63, 77.43, and 96.45 t C/ha. These results indicate that potential soil carbon sequestration resembles a logarithmic curve until the equilibrium state between carbon application and decomposition by microorganisms is reached.

Carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests in Salyan District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Shrestha ◽  
B. P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

Forests play an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Broadleaf Forests absorb more carbon as compared to the Pine Forests. Quantification of carbon in any vegetation and soil type is a basic step for evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of an ecosystem. To quantify the vegetation and soil carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests, above and below-ground biomass of both forests were estimated using stratified random sampling. Individual trees in the sample plots of both forest types were measured. Above-ground biomass of trees and saplings were estimated by using different models, while the biomass of grass, herb and litter were calculated directly from field measurements. To determine the soil carbon stock, soil samples from three depth levels (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) of each soil profile were collected for each sample plot laid out in both forest types. Total vegetation carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests were 90.37 and 24.82 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Similarly, the soil carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests were 60.82 and 46.12 Mg C ha-1, respectively.Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2013

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