Carbon leaching from undisturbed soil cores treated with dairy cow urine

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lambie ◽  
L. A. Schipper ◽  
M. R. Balks ◽  
W. T. Baisden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
Acid Neutralising Capacity ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
C Decomposition ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Solubilisation of soil carbon (C) under cow urine patches may lead to losses of soil C by priming or leaching. We investigated the solubilisation and bioavailability of soil C in undisturbed pasture soil treated with urine. We also studied the contribution of acid-neutralising capacity (ANC) forcing and aggregate disruption as mechanisms of soil C solubilisation. Undisturbed soil cores (0–5 cm; Typic Udivitrand) were treated with water or δ13C-enriched urine and subsequently leached. Urine deposition increased total C and dissolved organic C leaching by 8 g C m–2 compared with water. Soil C contributed 28.1 ± 0.9% of the C in the leachate from urine-treated cores (ULeachate). ANC forcing of urine was 11.8 meq L–1 and may have contributed to soil C leaching, but aggregate disruption was unlikely to have contributed. The bioavailability of organic C in ULeachate was four times greater than in both cow urine and water leachate. It is possible that ULeachate may lead to priming of soil C decomposition lower in the profile. Further testing under field conditions would determine the long-term contribution of urine deposition to dissolved organic C leaching and the fate of solubilised C in pastoral soils.

Isoproturon movement and dissipation in undisturbed soil cores from a grassed buffer strip

Agronomie ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Benoit ◽  
Enrique Barriuso ◽  
Philippe Vidon ◽  
Benoit Réal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Relationship Between Soil Properties and Nitrogen Mineralization in Undisturbed Soil Cores from California Agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Miller ◽  
Brenna J. Aegerter ◽  
Nicholas E. Clark ◽  
Michelle Leinfelder-Miles ◽  
Eugene M. Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

The effects of cultivation method, fertilizer input and previous sward type on organic C and N storage and gaseous losses under spring and winter barley following long-term leys

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. A. VINTEN ◽  
B. C. BALL ◽  
M. F. O'SULLIVAN ◽  
J. K. HENSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C And N

The effects of ploughing or no-tillage of long-term grass and grass-clover swards on changes in organic C and N pools and on CO2 and denitrified gas emissions were investigated in a 3-year field experiment in 1996–99 near Penicuik, Scotland. The decrease in soil C content between 1996 and 1999 was 15·3 t/ha (95% confidence limits were 1·7–28·9 t/ha). Field estimates of CO2 losses from deep-ploughed, normal-ploughed and no-tillage plots were 3·1, 4·5 and 4·6 t/ha over the sampling periods (a total of 257 days) in 1996–98. The highest N2O fluxes were from the fertilized spring barley under no-tillage. Thus no-tillage did not reduce C emissions, caused higher N2O emissions, and required larger inputs of N fertilizer than ploughing. By contrast, deep ploughing led to smaller C and N2O emissions but had no effect on yields, suggesting that deep ploughing might be an appropriate means of conserving C and N when leys are ploughed in. Subsoil denitrification losses were estimated to be 10–16 kg N/ha per year by measurement of 15N emissions from incubated intact cores. A balance sheet of N inputs and outputs showed that net N mineralization over 3 years was lower from plots receiving N fertilizer than from plots receiving no fertilizer.

Soil organic matter in rainfed cropping systems of the Australian cereal belt

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
K. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Eastern Australia

The Australian cereal belt stretches as an arc from north-eastern Australia to south-western Australia (24˚S–40˚S and 125˚E–147˚E), with mean annual temperatures from 14˚C (temperate) to 26˚C (subtropical), and with annual rainfall ranging from 250 mm to 1500 mm. The predominant soil types of the cereal belt include Chromosols, Kandosols, Sodosols, and Vertosols, with significant areas of Ferrosols, Kurosols, Podosols, and Dermosols, covering approximately 20 Mha of arable cropping and 21 Mha of ley pastures. Cultivation and cropping has led to a substantial loss of soil organic matter (SOM) from the Australian cereal belt; the long-term SOM loss often exceeds 60% from the top 0–0.1 m depth after 50 years of cereal cropping. Loss of labile components of SOM such as sand-size or particulate SOM, microbial biomass, and mineralisable nitrogen has been even higher, thus resulting in greater loss in soil productivity than that assessed from the loss of total SOM alone. Since SOM is heterogeneous in nature, the significance and functions of its various components are ambiguous. It is essential that the relationship between levels of total SOM or its identif iable components and the most affected soil properties be established and then quantif ied before the concentrations or amounts of SOM and/or its components can be used as a performance indicator. There is also a need for experimentally verifiable soil organic C pools in modelling the dynamics and management of SOM. Furthermore, the interaction of environmental pollutants added to soil, soil microbial biodiversity, and SOM is poorly understood and therefore requires further study. Biophysically appropriate and cost-effective management practices for cereal cropping lands are required for restoring and maintaining organic matter for sustainable agriculture and restoration of degraded lands. The additional benefit of SOM restoration will be an increase in the long-term greenhouse C sink, which has the potentialto reduce greenhouse emissions by about 50 Mt CO2 equivalents/year over a 20-year period, although current improved agricultural practices can only sequester an estimated 23% of the potential soil C sink.

Soil acidification and the carbon cycle in a cropping soil of north-eastern Victoria

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
L. C. Bell ◽  
D. R. Coventry ◽  
K. R. Helyar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Soil Buffering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Organic C

Changes in soil organic matter were determined for a long-term (1975–95) experiment at the Rutherglen Research Institute in north-eastern Victoria. The crop rotations in this experiment were continuous lupins (LL) and continuous wheat (WW). The soil at this site was a solodic or Yellow Dermosol with a soil pH of 6·08 (pH in 0·01 М CaCl2 1 : 5) in 1975 in the surface 10 cm, which had declined by 0·8 and 1·5 pH units for WW and LL, respectively, in the 0–20 cm soil zone by 1992. Acidification rates decreased with increasing soil depth. The acidification rate in the 0–60 cm soil zone was 12·5 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the LL rotation and 4·6 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the WW rotation. The amount of CaCO3 required to neutralise the acidification of wheat-lupin rotations as calculated in this paper was up to 3·8 t/ha ·10 years for a WLWL rotation or 3 ·3 t/ha ·10 years for a WWL rotation; these amounts are significantly higher than previously reported rates. In this paper, we calculate the impact of changes in soil carbon (C) status over time, and therefore soil buffering, on the rates of acidification in incremental soil layers to a depth of 60 cm. Total organic C for these rotations in 1992 was 1·12% for WW and 1·17% for LL in the 0–10 cm soil zone. An investigation of the humic and fulvic acid fractions of these 2 rotations to a depth of 60 cm showed that the LL rotation had significantly higher (P < 0·05) C at depth than the WW rotation. Acidification due to the net decrease in soil C over the 15-year study period plus acidification due to the alkali removed in the seed was calculated to be –4·88 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the LL rotation and –6·52 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the WW rotation.

Management effects on the dynamics and storage rates of organic matter in long-term crop rotations

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Paul ◽  
H. P. Collins ◽  
K. Paustian ◽  
E. T. Elliott ◽  
S. Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Incubation ◽  
C And N ◽  
A Site ◽  
Management Effects

Factors controlling soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in soil C sequestration and N fertility were determined from multi-site analysis of long-term, crop rotation experiments in Western Canada. Analyses included bulk density, organic and inorganic C and N, particulate organic C (POM-C) and N (POM -N), and CO2-C evolved during laboratory incubation. The POM-C and POM-N contents varied with soil type. Differences in POM-C contents between treatments at a site (δPOM-C) were related (r2= 0.68) to treatment differences in soil C (δSOC). The CO2-C, evolved during laboratory incubation, was the most sensitive indicator of management effects. The Gray Luvisol (Breton, AB) cultivated plots had a fivefold difference in CO2-C release relative to a twofold difference in soil organic carbon (SOC). Soils from cropped, Black Chernozems (Melfort and Indian Head, SK) and Dark Brown Chernozems (Lethbridge, AB) released 50 to 60% as much CO2-C as grassland soils. Differences in CO2 evolution from the treatment with the lowest SOM on a site and that of other treatments (δCO2-C) in the early stages of the incubation were correlated to δPOM-C and this pool reflects short-term SOC storage. Management for soil fertility, such as N release, may differ from management for C sequestration. Key words: Multi-site analysis, soil management, soil C and N, POM-C and N, CO2 evolution

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Macropore Networks in Undisturbed Soil Cores

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Perret ◽  
S. O. Prasher ◽  
A. Kantzas ◽  
C. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores
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