Economics of wheat as influenced by natural farming, organic farming and recommended package of practices

A field experiment was laid out on split-plot design with two uneven controls viz. four foliar concentrations of cow urine and jeevamrutha under natural farming which were compared with Organic farming (OF) and Recommended package of practices (RPP) given by UAS, Dharwad. The treatments were replicated thrice. The study revealed that RPP recorded significantly higher grain yield, straw yield, gross return, net return and B:C ratio than OF and natural farming practices. The grain yield reduction in the best treatment (cow urine @ 50 % + jeevamrutha @ 100 %) was 16 % lesser than RPP and 2 % higher than OF. However, the cost of cultivation in natural farming with cow urine @ 50 % + jeevamrutha @ 100 % was lesser to the extent of 6.91 and 30.42 % than RPP and OF. Our study indicates that the irrigated wheat can be grown under natural farming conditions profitably.

Go Ark; an ameliorative bio-product (in vitro) on Phenyl induced cytotoxicity

Phenyl (PHY) is one of the chemicals which are used as a disinfectant in the world due to its toxic potential. Cleaning workers are directly exposed to it in institutes, hospitals and houses. Cow urine/Go Ark (GA) has been proved as a bioenhancer in many studies. The present study dealt with the in vitro analysis of PHY induced cytotoxicity (CT) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and ameliorative potential of Distillate cow urine/Go Ark (DGA) and Fresh Go Ark (FGA) as GA is believed to be an elixir in Ayurved. MTT assay was used to study CT and Cell viability % on Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) in vitro. CT of PHY was found to be higher than that of DGA and FGA treated groups. This showed that when PHY induced cells were treated with DGA and FGA, they showed increase in the cell viability %. It was also found that FGA had more potential for enhancing cell viability % of HPBL than that of DGA. We suggest that GA can be used as an ameliorative agent on PHY induced CT. It can be explored by in vivo experiments further for its detoxification properties. Now a day, PHY is used in combination with GA for cleaning purposes as “Gonyl”, it may be safe for cleaning workers to use GA based disinfectants to diminish the CT induced due to PHY exposure at the time of cleaning.

Regeneration of Dead Bougainvillea Tree with Organic Manure

Bougainvillea is hard, woody climber tree, grow in high salt tolerant soil. The present study was carried out in regenerating Bougainvillea plant with organic manure. The research work was conducted at kitchen garden campus in January 2020. The collected soil samples of five trees species namely Pimple, Neem, Khejari and Rohira are mixed with 10kg fresh cow dung, 5kg cow urine, 2kg molasses & 2kg flour Kitchen wastes 10kg, Charcoal 10kg, Molasses 2kg, Rice 1kg, Humus 10kg, Wheat 10kg, Crashed sugar cane 10kg, Chicken manures 2kg, Wooden saw dust, Wooden chips & Rice lusts and mixed with water for preparing organic product. The organic product keeps for 3 days in open conditions. The prepared organic product was poured into the shoot and root. Later, the regrowth of the shoot and the root were reported in 4-5 months. The organic product enhanced the metabolism for regenerating permanent tissue and Meristematic tissue of Shoot horizon and root horizon. Later, The lateral branches and flower were emerged from the dead plant. The formulated organic product is competent to regrow dead plant. Keywords: Bougainvillea, Dead plant, organic manure, regeneration, soil, climate

Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Keriting dalam Polybag menggunakan Pupuk Fermentasi Urin Sapi

Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun yang cukup sulit bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Adanya virus corona jenis baru memaksa masyarakat untuk beradaptasi dengan kebiasaan baru. Salah satu masalah terbesar yang dihadapi adalah dengan adanya kebijakan lockdown yang menyebabkan sulitnya distribusi bahan pangan. Oleh sebab itu edukasi masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan secara organik dengan mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada disekitar pekarangan rumah perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon tanaman cabai keriting dengan menggunakan pupuk fermentasi urin sapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan variasi pemupukan dengan mencampur urin sapi dan EM4 (perlakuan A); urin sapi, EM4, dan batang pohon pisang (perlakuan B); urin sapi, EM4, dan sabut kelapa (perlakuan C); dan urin sapi, EM4, dan akar kacang tanah (perlakuan D). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan bobot biomassa kering tanaman. Perlakuan penambahan sabut kelapa pada fermentasi urin sapi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman. Sedangkan penambahan akar kacang tanah pada fermentasi pupuk urin sapi meningkatkan bobot biomassa kering tanaman secara signifikan. Penambahan batang pohon pisang pada fermentasi urin sapi secara nyata memberikan pengaruh terhadap diameter batang tanaman cabai keriting. Akan tetapi, jumlah daun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari semua jenis pemupukan. The year 2020 is quite a difficult year for the people of Indonesia. The existence of a new coronavirus type forces people to adapt to new habits. One of the biggest problems faced is the lockdown policy which makes it difficult for food distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public to utilize the yard organically by optimizing the existing resources around the yard of the house. This study aimed to determine the response of curly chili plants using cow urine fermentation fertilizer. The research was conducted by giving various fertilization treatments by mixing cow urine and EM4 (treatment A); cow urine, EM4, and banana tree trunks (treatment B); cow urine, EM4, and coconut husk (treatment C); and cow urine, EM4, and groundnut root (treatment D). Parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and dry biomass weight of the plant. The addition of coconut fiber in cow urine fermentation has a significant effect on plant height parameters. Meanwhile, the addition of groundnut roots to fermented cow urine fertilizer increased the dry biomass weight of the plant significantly. The addition of banana tree trunks to cow urine fermentation significantly affected the stem diameter of curly chili plants. However, the number of leaves did not show a significant difference between all types of fertilization.

EFFECT OF COW URINE TREATMENT ON PLANT GROWTH AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.

In Hindu culture, the cow is treated as a divine animal. Cow's urine, cow dung and Milk are utilized for different purposes. Cow's urine has been utilized as an enhancer of plant growth and an antifungal agent for the current study. The plant selected for this study Gossypium hirsutum L.(cotton).The plant was grown utilizing various concentrations of cow urine, such as 0% (control), 1:10, 1:5, 1:1 for 90 days. Various parameters for example leaf area, shoot length, plant height, root length, as well as biomass of the plant have been monitored. The antifungal activity has been studied by utilizing different concentrations of cow urine against (Alternaria macrospora) using agar diffusion method. Among all the concentrations, the 1:1 concentration showed maximum plant growth compared to other two concentrations. On the other hand, 1:5, 1:10 concentrations showed more antifungal activity. The conclusion of this study found that cow urine can be utilized as a growth enhancer of plant and has antifungal properties.A

Effect of Foliar Application of Different Organic Sources and Levels of Fertilizer on Growth Attributes, Yield Attributes, Yield, Quality and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Background: Productivity of cowpea in our country is very low. So, there is need to take proper agronomic practices to enhance the productivity of cowpea and foremost important among them is foliar application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients exploiting genetic potential of crop. This is considered to be an efficient and economic method of supplementing part of nutrient requirement at critical growth stages of the crop. Foliar application is credited with the advantage of quick and efficient utilization of nutrients, elimination of losses through leaching, fixation and regulating uptake of nutrients by the plant. In view of above consideration, the experiment entitled “Influence of foliar application of different organic sources on growth, yield and quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under varying levels of fertilizer” was conducted with objectives to study the effect of different levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of cowpea, to study the effect of foliar application of different organic sources on growth, yield and quality of cowpea, to study the interaction effect of different levels of fertilizer and foliar application of organic sources and to study the economics of different treatments. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during Rabi 2019-20. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design. The fertilizer levels comprised of three levels viz., F1: 100% RDF, F2: 75% RDF and F3: 50% RDF and foliar application consisted of five different organic sources viz., S0: Control, S1: Panchagavya @ 3%, S2: Vermiwash @ 10%, S3: Cow urine @ 5% and S4: Vasant urja @ 0.5%. There were 15 treatment combinations replicated three times. Result: It can be concluded that for growing cowpea, it should be supplied with 100% RDF and sprayed with panchagavya @ 3% or cow urine @ 5% foliar application, so as to obtain higher yield and economic returns.