Soil CO2 concentration and efflux from three forests in subtropical China

Measurements of soil CO2 efflux and soil CO2 concentration concurrently are important for understanding the mechanism and regulation of CO2 in the soil. We have analysed CO2 concentration in a soil profile and soil CO2 efflux in three typical forests in subtropical China: monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (BF, 400 years old), pine and broad-leaved mixed forest (MF, 80 years old), and pine forest (PF, 70 years old). A portable soil CO2 sampler of simple sample operation was designed and used. The seasonal patterns of soil surface CO2 efflux and soil CO2 concentration were observed, and were positively correlated with rainfall, soil temperature, and moisture. The mean values of soil CO2 concentrations at the 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm soil depth were higher in BF (3368–9243 μL L–1) than in MF (1495–7662 μL L–1) and PF (1566–5730 μL L–1), while the mean values of soil surface CO2 efflux (Rsurface) were 0.55 ± 0.11 g m–2 h–1 in BF, 0.52 ± 0.10 g m–2 h–1 in MF, and 0.45 ± 0.07 g m–2 h–1 in PF. Soil CO2 concentration and Rsurface increased gradually with the age of the forests, but the incremental increase in soil CO2 concentration will be greater than that of Rsurface in MF and PF compared with BF. The data suggested that, although older forests have more C, younger forests probably will sequester C as CO2 faster than older forests.

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A field-based method for simultaneous measurements of the 18O and 13C soil CO2 efflux

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-1-1-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Mortazavi ◽

J. L. Prater ◽

J. P. Chanton

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Fractionation Factor ◽

Keeling Plots

Abstract. Three approaches for determining the stable isotopic composition (13C and 18O) of soil CO2 efflux were compared. A new technique employed mini-towers, constructed of open topped piping, that were placed on the soil surface to collect soil-emitted CO2. Samples were collected along a vertical gradient and analyzed for CO2 concentration and isotopic composition. These data were then used to produce a Keeling plot to determine the 18O and 13C of CO2 emitted from the soil. These results were then compared to the 18O and 13C of soil respired CO2 measured with two other techniques: (1) flux chambers and (2) estimation from the application of the diffusional fractionation factor to measured values of belowground soil 18O CO2 and to CO2 in equilibrium with soil water 18O. Mini-tower 18O Keeling plots were linear and highly significant (0.81<r2<0.96), in contrast to chamber 18O Keeling plots, which showed significant curvature, necessitating the use of a mass balance to calculate the 18O of respired CO2. In the chambers, the values determined for the 18O of soil respired CO2 approached the value of CO2 in equilibrium with surficial soil water, and the results were significantly 18O enriched relative to the mini-tower results and the 18O of soil CO2 efflux determined from soil CO2. There were close agreements between the three methods for the determination of the 13C of soil efflux CO2. Results suggest that the mini-towers can be effectively used in the field for determining the 18O and the 13C of soil respired CO2.

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Interpretation and evaluation of combined measurement techniques for soil CO2 efflux: Discrete surface chambers and continuous soil CO2 concentration probes

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2008jg000811 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 113 (G4) ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Diego A. Riveros-Iregui ◽

Brian L. McGlynn ◽

Howard E. Epstein ◽

Daniel L. Welsch

Keyword(s):

Measurement Techniques ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Soil Co2 Concentration ◽

Discrete Surface

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Effects of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Soil CO2 Efflux and Labile Organic Carbon Pools in an Intensively Managed Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) Plantation in Subtropical China

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103624.2016.1269802 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 332-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Meng Yang ◽

Yongfu Li ◽

Yongchun Li ◽

Scott X. Chang ◽

Tian Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Carbon Pools ◽

Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Labile Organic Carbon ◽

Intensively Managed

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Seasonal soil CO2 efflux dynamics after land use change from a natural forest to Moso bamboo plantations in subtropical China

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 262 (6) ◽

pp. 1131-1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Juan Liu ◽

Peikun Jiang ◽

Hailong Wang ◽

Guomo Zhou ◽

Jiasen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Moso Bamboo ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Subtropical China

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A field-based method for simultaneous measurements of the δ18O and δ13C of soil CO2 efflux

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-1-1-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B. Mortazavi ◽

J. L. Prater ◽

J. P. Chanton

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Fractionation Factor ◽

Keeling Plots ◽

Δ18o And Δ13c

Abstract. Three approaches for determining the stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) of soil CO efflux were compared. A new technique employed mini-towers, constructed of open-topped piping, that were placed on the soil surface to collect soil-emitted CO2. Samples were collected along a vertical gradient and analyzed for CO2 concentration and isotopic composition. These data were then used to produce Keeling plots to determine the δ18O and δ13C of CO2 emitted from the soil. These results were then compared to the δ18O and δ13C of soil-respired CO2 measured with two other techniques: (1) flux chambers and (2) estimation from the application of the diffusional fractionation factor to measured values of below ground soil CO2 and to CO2 in equilibrium with soil water δ18O. Mini-tower δ18O Keeling plots were linear and highly significant (0.81< r 2 > 0.96), in contrast to chamber δ18O Keeling plots, which showed significant curvature, necessitating the use of a mass balance to calculate the δ18O of respired CO2. In the chambers, the values determined for the δ18O of soil respired CO2 approached the value of CO2 in equilibrium with surficial soil water, and the results were significantly δ18O enriched relative to the mini-tower results and the δ18O of soil CO2 efflux determined from soil CO2. There were close agreements between the three methods for the determination of the δ13C of soil efflux CO2. Results suggest that the mini-towers can be effectively used in the field for determining the δ18O and the δ13C of soil-respired CO2.

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Seasonal patterns of soil CO2 efflux and soil air CO2 concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00588.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 371-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

JUKKA PUMPANEN ◽

HANNU ILVESNIEMI ◽

MARTTI PERÄMÄKi ◽

PERTTI HARI

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Soil Air ◽

Scots Pine Forest

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Spatial and temporal effects of drought on soil CO2 efflux in a cacao agroforestry system in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-7-1223-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1223-1235 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

O. van Straaten ◽

E. Veldkamp ◽

M. Köhler ◽

I. Anas

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Sap Flux Density ◽

Drought Effect

Abstract. Climate change induced droughts pose a serious threat to ecosystems across the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly to those areas not adapted to natural dry periods. In order to study the vulnerability of cacao (Theobroma cacao) – Gliricidia sepium agroforestry plantations to droughts a large scale throughfall displacement roof was built in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this 19-month experiment, we compared soil surface CO2 efflux (soil respiration) from three roof plots with three adjacent control plots. Soil respiration rates peaked at intermediate soil moisture conditions and decreased under increasingly dry conditions (drought induced), or increasingly wet conditions (as evidenced in control plots). The roof plots exhibited a slight decrease in soil respiration compared to the control plots (average 13% decrease). The strength of the drought effect was spatially variable – while some measurement chamber sites reacted strongly (responsive) to the decrease in soil water content (up to R2=0.70) (n=11), others did not react at all (non-responsive) (n=7). A significant correlation was measured between responsive soil respiration chamber sites and sap flux density ratios of cacao (R=0.61) and Gliricidia (R=0.65). Leaf litter CO2 respiration decreased as conditions became drier. The litter layer contributed approximately 3–4% of the total CO2 efflux during dry periods and up to 40% during wet periods. Within days of roof opening soil CO2 efflux rose to control plot levels. Thereafter, CO2 efflux remained comparable between roof and control plots. The cumulative effect on soil CO2 emissions over the duration of the experiment was not significantly different: the control plots respired 11.1±0.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, while roof plots respired 10.5±0.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The relatively mild decrease measured in soil CO2 efflux indicates that this agroforestry ecosystem is capable of mitigating droughts with only minor stress symptoms.

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