The influence of soil strength on the penetration of a loam by plant roots

Soil Research ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Barley ◽  
DA Farrell ◽  
EL Greacen
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Pea Roots ◽  
Limiting Condition ◽  
General Influence

Wheat and pea roots were grown through soil crumbs until they encountered cores of more finely structured earth. The cores were prepared from a loam at various bulk densities and matric suctions. Over a range commonly found in the field, the penetration and growth of the roots were controlled chiefly by the strength of the soil. Soil strength should be regarded as a property that has a general influence on root elongation, rather than as a limiting condition encountered in unusual soils.

Early Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis root development. 2. Influence of soil strength

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Costantini ◽  
D Doley ◽  
HB So
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Primary Roots

The influence of penetration resistance (PR), an easily measured indicator of soil strength, on the growth of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis radicles and seedlings was investigated. Negative exponential relationships between PR and both radicle and primary root elongation were observed. All root elongation ceased at PR levels of 3.25 MPa. Tip diameters of radicles and primary roots were positively correlated with PR values up to 2.4 MPa, whilst numbers of primary roots, total root lengths and lengths of longest roots were all negatively correlated with PR. Hypocotyl elongation was also reduced by increasing PR, although the reductions occurred at higher PRs than those which inhibited root development. In contrast, primary shoot development was unaffected by PR levels which were sufficient to stop root elongation, but was reduced in soil with a PR of 4.8 MPa. There were significant family x soil type and family x PR interactions for radicle, hypocotyl, primary root and primary shoot development. 1f these interactions are correlated with performance in the field, then they may serve as useful indicators of family suitability to both soil type and high strength soils.

scholarly journals Root Tip Shape Governs Root Elongation Rate under Increased Soil Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 2289-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Colombi ◽  
Norbert Kirchgessner ◽  
Achim Walter ◽  
Thomas Keller
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Elongation Rate

Soil Strength and Aeration Effects on Root Elongation

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Voorhees ◽  
D. A. Farrell ◽  
W. E. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Strength

scholarly journals In situ laser manipulation of root tissues in transparent soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Ge ◽  
Lionel X. Dupuy ◽  
Michael P. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Light Power ◽  
Transparent Soil ◽  
Laser Manipulation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Root Tissues

Abstract Aims Laser micromanipulation such as dissection or optical trapping enables remote physical modification of the activity of tissues, cells and organelles. To date, applications of laser manipulation to plant roots grown in soil have been limited. Here, we show laser manipulation can be applied in situ when plant roots are grown in transparent soil. Methods We have developed a Q-switched laser manipulation and imaging instrument to perform controlled dissection of roots and to study light-induced root growth responses. We performed a detailed characterisation of the properties of the cutting beams through the soil, studying dissection and optical ablation. Furthermore, we also studied the use of low light doses to control the root elongation rate of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) in air, agar, gel and transparent soil. Results We show that whilst soil inhomogeneities affect the thickness and circularity of the beam, those distortions are not inherently limiting. The ability to induce changes in root elongation or complete dissection of microscopic regions of the root is robust to substrate heterogeneity and microscopy set up and is maintained following the limited distortions induced by the transparent soil environment. Conclusions Our findings show that controlled in situ laser dissection of root tissues is possible with a simple and low-cost optical set-up. We also show that, in the absence of dissection, a reduced laser light power density can provide reversible control of root growth, achieving a precise “point and shoot” method for root manipulation.

Histological and Cytological Effects of Haloxyfop on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Unicorn-Plant (Proboscidea louisianica) Root Meristems

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Vaughn ◽  
Morris G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Plant Root Elongation

The effects of haloxyfop on elongation, mitotic index, and morphology of sorghum and unicorn-plant primary roots were examined. Elongation of sorghum roots was completely inhibited by haloxyfop concentrations of 10–6M or greater 24 h after treatment, whereas unicorn-plant root elongation was unaffected by the same concentrations 72 h after treatment. Mitotic indices of sorghum roots were reduced by both 10–6and 10–8M haloxyfop, with the higher concentration reducing the index to near zero by 24 h of exposure. The mitotic indices of unicorn-plant roots were unaffected by the same levels of the herbicide after both 24- and 48-h treatment. Histological analyses showed that after 24 h exposure to 10–6M haloxyfop, large vacuoles were present in cells at the root apex that normally did not exhibit these organelles. After 48 h of exposure many cells in the apical region appeared to lack visible cytoplasm and/or nuclei, and by 72 h only cell walls remained visibly evident, and many cells had collapsed. These changes are similar to those that occur in tissues undergoing senescence. Treatment of sorghum roots with 10–8M haloxyfop did not cause discernible changes after 72 h. Unicorn-plant roots treated with 10–6M haloxyfop appeared unaffected after 72 h.

Effect of plant roots on soil strength

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Willatt ◽  
N. Sulistyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Strength ◽  
Plant Roots

scholarly journals Soil strength and macropore volume limit root elongation rates in many UK agricultural soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Valentine ◽  
Paul D. Hallett ◽  
Kirsty Binnie ◽  
Mark W. Young ◽  
Geoffrey R. Squire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Volume Limit
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