A soil catena on weathered basalt in Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Soil Catena ◽  
Fresh Rock

Deep weathering in the upper layers of basalt flows in central Queensland led to the deveIopment of lateritic profiles with a surface cover of leached red clay soils overlying ferruginous and mottled zones. Subsequent erosion and bevelling of the weathered mantle left small residuals of the old surface and exposed the underlying weathered zones. In places the mantle was completely removed to uncover fresh rock. A soil catena comprising six zones with associated discrete plant communities developed in these landscapes. Soil differences are related to variations in the intensity of weathering of parent materials and the leaching, translocation, and precipitation of differentially soluble and mobile constituents of the parent rock. The sequence of clay minerals is kaolinite -->kaolinite + randomly interstratified material + montmorillonite --> montmorillonite. The distribution of the plant communities is closeIy associated with variations in soil properties, particularly those which affect water relationships.

A soil catena on denuded laterite profiles in Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soils ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Soil Catena ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Primary Minerals

A catena comprising 10 distinct zones on variously denuded laterite profiles in central Queensland is described. Red and yellow earths occur on intact or slightly stripped uplands. On denuded weathered zones, solodized solonetz, solodic, and related soils with abrupt textural differentiation have formed on intermediate slopes and saline-alkali clay soils occur on lower slopes. Soil differences are related partly to differences in parent materials and partly to the spread of weathering and erosion products across the topographic sequence. The catena either in whole or in part is repeated over wide areas. The weathering of primary minerals in parent rocks appears to be the most likely source of salts that led to the formation of halomorphic soils. The soluble materials have been leached and redistributed by surface and subsurface seepage from denuded mottled and pallid zones upslope. The clay soils appear to have formed mainly on materials derived from shales that were originally overlain by arenaceous upper Tertiary sediments, but some reworking of these materials may have occurred. Montmorillonoid clays have been preserved from deep weathering by their impermeable nature.

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

scholarly journals PESTRÉ SEDIMENTY OTTNANGU V BRNĚ-KOHOUTOVICÍCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Tomanová Petrová ◽  
David Buriánek ◽  
Karel Kirchner ◽  
Oldřich Krejčí ◽  
František Laufek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sediment Layers

The reddish coloured sediment layers (up to 5 m thick) were found within building pit in the Brno-Kohoutovice on the Libušina třída Avenue (NW part of Brno). These sediments were assigned to the Ottnangian based on characteristic pseudoassociation of microfossils. Smectite or illite/smectite dominates over kaolinite among the clay minerals. Minerals typomorphic for granitoids of the Brno Massif, i.e. epidote, amphibole and altered titanite, absolutely dominate (99 mod. %) within the assemblage of translucent heavy fraction. Minerals like garnet and staurolite which are typical for the Ottnangian sediments in this region, are presented only in accessoric amount. The chemical composition of the studied sediments is located between the chemical composition of granodiorites of the Brno Massif and Neogene clays. Relatively high content of Zr, Hf and HREE, which is interpreted as result of presence of very fine grained zircon in studied sediments, is characteristic. High content of SiO2 and comparatively low contents of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 indicates non-lateritic type of weathering. The chemical composition of studied sediments reflects semiarid to humid paleoclimate that the granitoids of the Brno Massif as parent rock have undergone.

scholarly journals Influence of insecticides flubendiamide and spinosad on biological activities in tropical black and red clay soils

3 Biotech ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jaffer Mohiddin ◽  
M. Srinivasulu ◽  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
M. Madakka ◽  
D. Meghana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Red Clay

scholarly journals Relationship between Wetland Plant Communities and Environmental Factors in the Tumen River Basin in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zheng ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Noelikanto Ramamonjisoa ◽  
Weihong Zhu ◽  
Chunguang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Tumen River ◽  
Wetland Plant Communities

Understanding what controls wetland vegetation community composition is vital to conservation and biodiversity management. This study investigates the factors that affect wetland plant communities and distribution in the Tumen River Basin, Northeast China, an internationally important wetland for biodiversity conservation. We recorded floristic composition of herbaceous plants, soil properties, and microclimatic variables in 177, 1 × 1 m2 quadrats at 45 sites, located upstream (26), midstream (12), and downstream (7) of the Basin. We used TWINSPAN to define vegetation communities and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between environmental and biological factors within the wetland plant communities. We recorded 100 plant species from 93 genera and 40 families in the upstream, 100 plant species from 57 genera and 31 families in the midstream, and 85 plant species from 76 genera and 38 families in the downstream. Higher species richness was recorded upstream of the River Basin. The plant communities and distribution were influenced by elevation, soil properties (total potassium, pH, and available phosphorus), and microclimate variables (surface temperature, precipitation, average temperature, sunshine hours, and relative humidity). More than any other factor, according to our results, elevation strongly influenced the structure of wetland plant communities. These findings support prevailing models describing the distribution of wetland plants along environmental gradients. The determination of the relationship between soil and plants is a useful way to better understand the ecosystem condition and can help manage the wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Origin of the high sensitivity of Chinese red clay soils to drought: Significance of the clay characteristics

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 223-225 ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît D'Angelo ◽  
Ary Bruand ◽  
Jiangtao Qin ◽  
Xinhua Peng ◽  
Christian Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Red Clay
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