A NEW VERSION OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TERRACOTTA RELIEF DEPICTING A FIGHTING ELEPHANT FROM NISA-MIKHRDATKIRT

В 2013 г. в северо-восточной части городища Новая Ниса были возобновлены исследования на объекте, известном под условным названием «Башня III». Первоначально он воспринимался как руины выносной средневековой башни, но при продолжении исследований первоначальное представление о назначении и датировке радикально изменилось. Теперь он определяется как остатки погребального сооружения аршакидского времени. При его раскопках в 2013-2014 гг. обнаружены еще три фрагмента, принадлежащих терракотовому рельефу с изображением боевого слона. Благодаря этому появилась возможность создать новый вариант реконструкции этого, пока уникального, произведения древнего искусства. Выявленные на 2019 г. археологические данные свидетельствуют, что к раскапываемому объекту рельеф прямого отношения, по-видимому, не имеет. Он, вероятно, принадлежал какому-то иному, более раннему, сооружению. В основу нового варианта реконструкции положены два постулата. Первый - мастер, занимавшийся подготовкой модели для рассматриваемого рельефа, имел эллинистическую выучку. В соответствии с этим все субъекты и объекты, представленные на рельефе, изображены соразмерными. Второй постулат - мастер был хорошо знаком с анатомическими особенностями индийских слонов, на это особенно наглядно указывает фрагмент 4, на котором со знанием дела представлены некоторые анатомические особенности этого животного. Введение в реконструкцию наряду с известными фрагментами соразмерного силуэта слона позволило практически полностью восстановить весь сюжет рельефа. Since 2013, excavations have been resumed in the northeastern part of New Nisa at the site known as Tower III. Initially, it was perceived as the ruins of a remote medieval tower, that protruded outwards from the settlement wall. However, further excavations have drastically changed initial concepts on the purpose and dating of the tower; now it is defined as the remains of a burial structure of the Arshakid time. During the excavations of 2013-2014. three more fragments were found belonging to a terracotta relief depicting a fighting elephant. This made it possible to suggest a new version of the reconstruction of this, so far a unique work of ancient art. Archaeological data obtained in 2019 indicate that the relief does not seem to have a direct relationship to the excavated object. It probably belonged to a different, earlier construction.

Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the electrical conductivity of water of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire (Western Siberia)

In this study, we determined the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the electrical conductivity of waters of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire in Western Siberia. Our studies showed that the electrical conductivity of the waters for the period of April to September 2016 was characterised by a value of 35 μS/cm, and the seasonal amplitude was 25 μS/cm. In seasonal dynamics, there are three maximums of electrical conductivity in waters. The first maximum was formed in April (48 μS/cm) and is associated with snowmelt water supply. The second one was observed in May after the complete thawing of the peat deposit (39 μS/cm), and the third was observed at the end of July as a result of biochemical processes in the peat deposit (43 μS/cm). Our studies have shown the electrical conductivity hysteresis during time intervals from 3–5 to 6–10 days electrical conductivity remains constant despite the change in hydrometeorological conditions (water table level, temperature).

Effects of wildfire on the water chemistry of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire (Western Siberia)

In this study, we determined the effect of wildfire in 2016 on the water chemistry of the northeastern drained part of the Great Vasyugan Mire. The influence of the pyrogenic factor on the water chemistry of the Great Vasyugan Mire was marked by an increase in concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fetotal, SO4 2–, HCO3 –, NO– 3, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. The maximum concentrations were observed in the spring (April) during the snow melting period, as well as during the rewetting period after the summer drought. In 2018–2019, there was a decrease in the concentration of the components in the waters after the fire in 2016 (SO4 2–, HCO3 –, NO– 3, Pb, Cd, Zn). An increase in the content of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH+ 4, and Cu was noted, which is associated with the intensification of the processes of mineralisation of plant residues in the upper burnt peat layers.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SITUATION AT DIGHA COAST: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

West Bengal is a maritime state in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent with a coastal area of 10,158.22 sq. km. The coastal region consists of the Digha coast, which is noted for its tourism and fish landing activities. We highlight in this paper, a load of nitrate and phosphate during premonsoon in the aquatic phase of Digha for more than three decades (1984 – 2020) to observe the trend of these two variables, which are important components of sewage. A uniform increase in the concentrations of the nutrients is observed except in the years 2009 and 2020. A sudden peak observed for both the nutrients during 2009 may be attributed to Aila, a super cyclone that hit coastal West Bengal on 25th May 2009. The dip in the levels of nutrients during 2020, may be the effect of the COVID lockdown phase in the state during which all the tourism and fish landing activities were completely paralyzed.

Sierra del Cristal and Alturas de Moa its ophiolitic rainforests syntaxa

In order to know the characteristics of rainforest developed over Sierra de Cristal and northeastern part of Moaˈs highlands the objective was to study theese phytocoenosis by using Braun Blanquet method. One alliance and two associations besides their physiognomical, ecological and phytosociological characteristics are described which is too important for analyze the latter use their community property.

К ИСТОКАМ ГОРОДА КАРГОПОЛЯ: О ЧЕМ ГОВОРЯТ ПОСВЯЩЕНИЯ ХРАМОВ И ИХ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЕ

Предпринята попытка рассмотреть и, по возможности, предложить объяснение некоторым закономерностям и особенностям, запечатлевшимся в градостроительной структуре города Каргополя – бывшего уездного, а ныне районного центра на юге Архангельской области. Древняя структура города, вытянувшегося по реке Онеге, является полицентрической, фиксируются несколько центров: южные Колобова горка и Старый торг, северный Городок с Красным Посадом, посередине между ними Соборная площадь с древними Ивановской улицей и Каменкой. Картографирование посвящений храмов и их приделов середины XVI – середины XVII в. выявило преобладание Господских храмов с приделами, посвященными новгородским святым, в северо-восточной части города и Богородичных храмов, связанных с московско-суздальской тематикой, – в юго-западной. Естественно предположить, что они отражают устойчивые предпочтения групп населения более раннего времени – периода заселения. Высказывается и обосновывается гипотеза о связи групп посвящений с разными колонизационными потоками, отличавшимися мировоззренческими предпочтениями: новгородским и «низовским». В середине XVI в., в эпоху Ивана Грозного, московское правительство выполнило объединительные функции, создав примерно посередине новый центр (на месте нынешней Соборной площади). An attempt has been made to consider and, if possible, offer an explanation for some of the patterns and features that are imprinted in the urban planning structure of the city of Kargopol – a former county, and now a regional center in the south of the Arkhangelsk region. The ancient structure of the city, stretching along the Onega River, is polycentric, several centers are recorded: the southern Kolobov Gorka and the Old Marketplace, the northern Gorodok with Krasny Posad, in the middle between them is Cathedral Square with the ancient Ivanovskaya Street and Kamenka. Mapping the dedications of temples and their side-altars in the mid-16th – mid-17th centuries. revealed the predominance of dedications to the Lord in the northeastern part of the city and dedications to the Mother of God – in the southwest. It is natural to assume that they reflect the stable preferences of population groups at an earlier time – the period of settlement. A hypothesis is expressed and substantiated about the connection of initiation groups with different colonization streams that differed in ideological preferences: Novgorod and «lower». In the middle of the 16th century, during the era of Ivan the Terrible, the Moscow government performed unifying functions, creating a new center approximately in the middle (on the site of the present Cathedral Square).

First Evidence of Pleistocene Archaeology on the Neyshabur Plain and its Role in Reconstructing the Dispersal of Hominins on the Northeastern Iranian Plateau

The northeastern Iranian Plateau is considered a leading region in Paleolithic studies. The history of Paleolithic research in this region dates back to the mid-20th century. However, unlike the western and, to some extent, the central part of the Iranian Plateau, only a handful of sites have been identifi ed in the northeastern part. Field studies conducted on the Neyshabur plain have provided some of the only Paleolithic evidence at four locations in the foothills of the Binalud Mountains: Dar Behesht, Mushan Tappeh, Ali Abad, and Qezel Tappeh. Our research aims to assess this evidence, provide a revised typology of Pleistocene artifacts from the Neyshabur plain, and also study the role of these and other fi nds in the area and analyze their signifi cance in terms of the dispersal of Pleistocene hominin populations. We propose two main corridors on the northeastern Iranian Plateau assumed to have been infl uential in the dispersal of human ancestors.

Autumn bacterioplankton of the open waters and coastal part of the Barents Sea

The paper presents the results of microbiological studies carried out in the Motovsky Bay (2017) and the northeastern part of the Barents Sea (2020) in October. It was shown that, with comparable values of abundance, the biomass of bacterioplankton in open waters was slightly higher than in coastal waters. The quantity was 148–717 thousand cells/ml in Motovsky Bay and 170–957 thousand cells/ml in the open water area. The biomass was 7.26–29.07 mg/m3 in Motovsky Bay and 9.71–51.39 mg/m3 in the open water area. The maximum values were in the 0–50 m layer,the minimum – in the bottom layer in both areas. Those results supplement the existing understanding of bacterioplanktons development and distribution in the Barents Sea in the autumn season.

Meteorological conditions of extreme low water level in the northeastern part of the Caspian Sea in April 2019

Atmospheric circulation processes that caused an extreme sea level drop in the area of the Kashagan offshore oil field in the northeastern part of the Caspian Sea in April 2019 are reviewed and analyzed. It is found that an increase in pressure and wind gradients over the Northern Caspian region led to the occurrence of the set of severe weather events related to each other. An extreme sea level drop caused by the downsurge driven by strong wind was recorded in the area of the Kashagan oil field. Behind the cold front, the cold advection occurred, causing a dramatic air temperature drop by 13 °С. A high temperature contrast and high relative humidity led to the abnormal amount of precipitation of 33 mm per two days. Keywords: water level, severe weather events, downsurge, northeastern part of the Caspian Sea