Population ranges of Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera) in south-eastern Australia

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Navigational Cues ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
South Eastern Australia

In south-eastern Australia banding of M. schreibersii has been concentrated in four areas: north-eastern New South Wales, south-eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Victoria, and south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. The present paper analyses 2083 reported movements. Only 17 of these are from one of the four areas to another with the longest movement being 810 miles. Biologically and geographically separate populations of M. schreibersii are recognized in both north-eastern and south-eastern New South Wales. Each population has its basis in dependence upon a specific nursery site which is used annually by nearly all adult females in that population. Boundaries of population ranges in New South Wales are considered to be prominent features of physiography (i.e. divides). Bats move between population ranges less often than they move within population ranges. This cannot be explained solely in terms of the distances separating roosts. Available movement records from Victoria and South Australia are consistent with the pattern described for New South Wales. Two biologically recognizable populations (i.e, different birth periods) occur in south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia but these may have overlapping ranges. Only one nursery colony of M. schreibersii is known from south-eastern Victoria. On present evidence it remains possible that the apparent integrity of the population associated with this nursery is merely a consequence of distance from other areas of banding activity. Detailed analyses of movements in bats may provide direct evidence as to the kinds of cues by which a given species navigates. Thus the physiographic basis described for population ranges in New South Wales is consistent with the view that M. schreibersii may orientate to waterways or divides or both. The probability that there are area differences in the subtlety or nature of navigational cues is implied by the different physiographic circumstances of south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. It is suggested that knowledge of population range boundaries may aid planning of meaningful homing experiments.

A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 7. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
A. E. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
New Name ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Western Victoria

The present paper completes a revision of the endemic Australian genus Cassinia R.Br. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena comprises two sections, namely, section Achromolaena of seven species (C. laevis, C. arcuata, C. uncata, C. tenuifolia, C. collina, C. subtropica, and C. quinquefaria), and Cassinia section Siftonia, which contains two species (C. sifton and C. theodorii). Cassinia laevis is divided into western (C. laevis subsp. laevis) and eastern (C. laevis subsp. rosmarinifolia (A.Cunn.) Orchard, comb. et stat. nov.) taxa. Examination of the type of C. arcuata showed that this name is synonymous with C. paniculata, and applies to a relatively rare taxon with whitish capitula arranged in short erect compact panicles, and found in Western Australia, the midlands of South Australia, western Victoria and (formerly) south-western New South Wales. Furthermore, it belongs to section Achromolaena. The taxon with red to brown capitula, widespread throughout south-eastern Australia, which until now has been (incorrectly) known as C. arcuata (Sifton bush) is distinct, but lacks a published name. The name Cassinia sifton Orchard, sp. nov. is here proposed for this taxon. An unfortunate outcome of this discovery is that the sectional name Cassinia section Arcuatae, with C. arcuata as type, becomes synonymous with section Achromolaena. The new name Cassinia section Siftonia is proposed to accommodate Sifton bush (C. sifton) and its narrowly endemic sister species C. theodorii. A summary of the whole genus is provided, with keys to all taxa. Three former subspecies of C. macrocephala are raised to species rank (C. petrapendula (Orchard) Orchard, C. storyi (Orchard) Orchard, C. tenuis (Orchard) Orchard), and it is suggested that C. furtiva Orchard may be conspecific with C. straminea (Benth.) Orchard.

Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAE Lattimore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, the value of pastures in weed control, and their management for maximum profitability.

Larval distribution and abundance of blue and spotted warehous (Seriolella brama and S. punctata: Centrolophidae) in south-eastern Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Bruce ◽  
F. J. Neira ◽  
R. W. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Larval Distribution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The early life histories of the commercially important blue and spotted warehous (Seriolella brama and S. punctata) were examined on the basis of archived ichthyoplankton samples collected over broad areas of southern Australia. Larvae of both species were widely distributed during winter and spring within shelf and slope waters. Larvae of S. brama were recorded from Kangaroo Island, South Australia (SA), to southern New South Wales (NSW). Seriolella punctata larvae were recorded from western Tasmania to southern NSW. Back-calculated spawning dates, based on otolith microstructure, indicated that spawning predominantly occurs during late July and August but that the timing of spawning varies between regions. The abundances of small larvae (<5. 0 mm body length) were highest for both species off western Tasmania and southern NSW. No small S. brama larvae were recorded between southern Tasmania and southern NSW, whereas low but consistent numbers of small S. punctata larvae were found between these regions. The data suggest that there are separate spawning areas for S. brama in western and eastern regions of Australia’s South East Fishery. The pattern for S. punctata is less clear, but suggests a more continuous link among populations in south-eastern Australia.

Marine and estuarine phylogeography of the coasts of south-eastern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Colgan
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Understanding a region’s phylogeography is essential for an evolutionary perspective on its biological conservation. This review examines the phylogeographic structures in south-eastern Australia that have been revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequencing and other genetic techniques and examines whether they can be explained by known factors. The review covers species that occur in the intertidal zone or, even infrequently, in the shallow subtidal zone. The coasts most frequently associated with phylogeographic structure are the boundaries between the Peronian and Maugean biogeographical provinces in southern New South Wales and the Maugean and Flindersian provinces in South Australia, the areas in Victoria and north-eastern Tasmania separated by the Bassian Isthmus at glacial maxima, long sandy stretches without rocky intertidal habitat on the Ninety Mile Beach in Victoria and the Younghusband Peninsula–Coorong in South Australia, southern Tasmania and Bass Strait, which acts as a barrier for littoral species.

Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N Dawson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
Oral Disk ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Two reciprocally monophyletic mitochondrial clades of the commercially valuable jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus are endemic to south-eastern Australia. Here, medusae in the two clades are shown to differ also in colour and in the dimensions of their papillae, oral disk, and bell depth. They are referred to two varieties recognized in 1884 by von Lendenfeld. The clade occupying localities adjacent to Bass Strait is redescribed as subspecies C. mosaicus conservativus; the clade from New South Wales and southern Queensland spans the type locality (Port Jackson) of C. mosaicus and is designated C. mosaicus mosaicus. Their ecology and colour, in the context of von Lendenfeld's original descriptions, and the implications for fisheries are discussed.

Impact of grain-based ethanol production on the cattle feedlot industry in eastern Australia: grain supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
P. M. Kennedy ◽  
E. J. Sparke
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Statistical data from the years 1998–2005 were used to investigate the capacity of the grain industry in eastern Australia to supply the grain necessary for inclusion of 10% ethanol in petrol (E10), in addition to the demands of grain for feedlot cattle. Evidence is provided that the variations in grain yields and grain consumption by cattle in these years are representative of the on-going situation and that interpretations and conclusions have continuing relevance. During 1998–2005, annual production of cereal grains in eastern Australia varied between 10 and 25 million tonnes. Similar fluctuations (11 and 27 million tonnes) in annual grain yields were observed between 2006 and 2014. The Australian potential requirement for E10 ethanol is ~2500 ML annually, with a grain usage of 6.1–7.6 million tonnes depending on the grain sources used. Established national grain demand for ruminant and monogastric livestock, human consumption and other domestic uses is ~7.5 million tonnes per year. In years of average or higher grain yields in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, the combined grain surpluses are more than sufficient for E10 ethanol to be produced domestically. In the years of the lowest grain yields, the surplus over more traditional usages is sufficient to satisfy only 50% of potential demand for E10. The greatest densities of feedlot cattle are in south-eastern Queensland, northern New South Wales and in the Murrumbidgee region of southern New South Wales. On a regional basis, the grain surplus to feedlot demand in most years in south-eastern Queensland is not sufficient to satisfy requirement for ethanol production without competition for grain. In years of highest yields, the grain surplus was sufficient for a 240-ML ethanol plant. Northern New South Wales could support at least two 400-ML plants in years of average and above yields, once established grain demands are met. The grain shortfall in years of lowest yield for one 400-ML plant is about half a million tonnes. Grain surpluses in average years in the Murrumbidgee region are sufficient to support at least one 400-ML plant. In years of lowest yield, only a 160-ML plant could be supported without competition for grain.

Freshwater snails of the genera Fluvidona and Austropyrgus (Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Miller ◽  
W. F. Ponder ◽  
S. A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The freshwater snail genus Fluvidona (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea, Hydrobiidae) is reapprasied and described using anatomical, shell, radula and opercular characters. Five species, three of them new, are described, being differentiated using anatomical, shell and opercular character states. A sixth species, similar to the Fluvidona species, is described and is tentatively assigned to the genus Austropyrgus Cotton. All six species live in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland and all are from single localities or very restricted areas. All species live in small streams, although one was found aestivating in soil in the bed of a small dry creek. The new species placed in Austropyrgus, from the Bunya Mountains, Queensland, is widely separated from putative congeners that are found in southern New South Wales and other parts of south-eastern Australia.

Enzyme variation in south-eastern Australian samples of the blue-eye or deepsea trevalla, Hyperoglyphe antarctica Carmichael 1818 (Teleostei: Stromateoidei)

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJS Bolch ◽  
NG Elliott ◽  
RD Ward
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Six samples (n =67 to 154) of blue-eye or deepsea trevalla were collected from south-eastern Australia (seamounts off New South Wales, a seamount south-east of Tasmania called the Cascade Plateau, off the east, south and west coasts of Tasmania, and off the coast of South Australia). All fish were analysed by starch or cellulose acetate electrophoresis for the products of seven polymorphic loci (defined in this study as those with an average heterozygosity greater than 0.06); a minimum of 24 fish per area were also analysed for 29 other less variable loci. The average heterozygosity per locus was 5.3%. Polymorphic loci showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The coefficient of genetic subpopulation differentiation, GST, was 0.38%. Bootstrapping procedures showed that this low value could be attributed to sampling error alone. Contingency Χ2 analysis similarly failed to reveal any significant inter-sample differentiation for any locus. The results indicate that gene flow is sufficient to prevent any genetic differentiation among the sampled localities. During the course of the study a second trevalla species, Schedophilus labyrinthicus, was identified in the New South Wales component of the fishery.

Climatic conditions for seedling recruitment within perennial grass swards in south-eastern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thapa ◽  
D. R. Kemp ◽  
M. L. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Recruitment of new perennial grass plants within existing grassland ecosystems is determined by seed availability, suitable microsites, nutrients and climatic conditions, water and temperatures. This paper reports on the development of criteria to predict recruitment events using modelled soil moisture conditions associated with recruitment of species in five field experiments at Orange (Phalaris aquatica), Trunkey Creek (Austrodanthonia spp.), and Wellington (Bothriochloa macra) in central New South Wales, Australia, and the frequency of those conditions during the past 30 years. Recruitment events were recorded when a rainfall event (median 68 mm across the three sites) kept the surface volumetric soil moisture (0–50 mm) above the permanent wilting point for at least 15 continuous days, allowing for, at most, two ‘dry days’ in between. A key finding from our study is that rainfall events creating favourable soil moisture conditions for seedling emergence typically occurred in the second half of February, sometimes extending to early March. Previously it was thought that recruitment would more likely occur through autumn, winter, and spring when rainfall in southern Australia is more reliable. The 30 years’ data (1975–2004) showed that the P. aquatica site had a median of 20 continuous moist days each year in February–March, whereas, there were 16 and 10 days for the Austrodanthonia and B. macra sites, respectively. The probabilities of exceeding seven or 15 continuous days of moist surface soil were 98% and 78% at the P. aquatica site, 91% and 49% at the Austrodanthonia site, and 73% and 30% at the B. macra site, and indicated that some recruitment is possible in most years. These analyses were extended to several sites across New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania to estimate the frequency with which recruitment could occur within natural swards. Across these sites, the probabilities of exceeding seven continuous days of soil moisture were >55% and of exceeding 15 continuous days were lower, which showed that suitable climatic conditions exist during late summer–early autumn across south-eastern Australia for a recruitment event to occur. Future research may show that the criteria developed in this paper could have wider regional application.

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