Karyotypic Evolution in Gehyra (Gekkonidae: Reptilia) I. The Gehyra Variegata-Punctata Complex.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M King
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Geographic Barriers ◽  
Chromosome Races ◽  
Chromosome Fusions ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Gehyra Variegata

A karyotypic analysis of populations of the gekkos Gehyra variegata and G. punctata reveals three chromosome races in G. variegata (2n = 44; 2n = 40a; 2n = 40b), and three in G. punctata (2n = 44; 2n = 42; 2n = 38). The chromosome races have differentiated by a series of chromosome fusions. The ordered nature of these changes suggests that the phylogenetic relationships of the races cut across the current taxonomy, and it is argued that there is but one 2n = 44 race, occurring as a number of morphologically distinct populations, two of which were erroneously described as the separate Gehyra species. Isolated populations within a number of the chromosome races show pronounced morphological differences. It is believed that these gekkos are an ancient Australian group which differentiated chromosomally during a number of colonizing radiations. Since then, populations within each race have been isolated by geographic barriers and have speciated allopatrically. This suggests that the chromosome races are at least good species and may be of a higher taxon.

Karyotypic Evolution in Gehyra (Gekkonidae: Reptilia) III.* The Gehyra australis Complex

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M King
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Races ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gehyra Variegata

A karyotypic analysis of the widely distributed Australian gekko Gehyra australis has revealed a complex of chromosome races. Each of these is fixed for a particular karyomorph, and is found over a geographically delimited distribution. The seven chromosome races differ by number, or chromosome morphology, and are defined as: 2n=44,2n=42a, 2n=42b, 2n=42c, 2n=40a, 2n=40b, 2n=38. In addition, a series of animals from these races possess novel chromosome rearrangements. A model for the evolution of this complex of races is proposed, and the relationship ofthese forms to each other and to members of the Gehyra variegata-punctata complex is discussed.

The first zoeal stage of the yellow land crab Johngarthia lagostoma (Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4990 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
SIMONE MARIA DE ALBUQUERQUE LIRA ◽  
CYNTHIA DAYANNE MELLO DE LIMA ◽  
IGOR DE ÁVILA TEIXEIRA ◽  
RALF SCHWAMBORN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Dorsal Seta ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Land Crab ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Morphological Differences

The objective of this paper is to describe and illustrate the first zoeal stage of the largest land crab of the Tropical Atlantic, Johngarthia lagostoma (Milne Edwards, 1837) (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae). A larval description of J. lagostoma was previously not available. Larvae were obtained from ovigerous females on Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Twenty larvae were randomly chosen to be dissected and described in detail, while 40 others (20 larvae from each island) were measured only. The published description of the congener J. planatus (Stimpson, 1860) larvae was used for a comparison of larval morphology. Some morphological differences between the first zoeal stage of these two species were: The absence or presence of a simple shorter seta on antennule, number of the minute terminal spines on the antenna, setation of the coxal endite of the maxilla, exopod unsegmented of the first and second maxilliped, and a single mid-dorsal seta on first pleonite. These results and differences observed between these species can assist in studies on phylogenetic relationships within the Family Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838, as well as in the identification of the larvae of J. Lagostoma in plankton samples from the tropical Atlantic.  

Tandem chromosome fusions in karyotypic evolution of Muntiacus: evidence from M. feae and M. gongshanensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
W. Nie ◽  
W. Su ◽  
F. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Karyotypic Evolution ◽  
Chromosome Fusions

Genetic divergence and geographic diversification in Nautilus

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Wray ◽  
Neil H. Landman ◽  
W. Bruce Saunders ◽  
James Bonacum
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Diversification ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Despite exhaustive investigation of present-day Nautilus, the phylogenetic relationships of the five or six recognized species within this genus remain unclear. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data plus a suite of morphological characters are used to investigate phylogenetic relationships. Systematic analysis of the morphological variation fails to characterize described species as independent lineages. However, DNA sequence analysis indicates that there are three geographically distinct clades consisting of western Pacific, eastern Australian/Papua-New Guinean, and western Australian/Indonesian forms. The morphologically and genetically distinct species Nautilus scrobiculatus falls outside the three geographically recognized assemblages. Members of the genus Nautilus also exhibit low levels of sequence divergence. All these data suggest that Nautilus is currently undergoing diversification, which may have begun only several million years ago. These data also suggest that some of the morphological features used to define Nautilus species may simply represent fixed variations in isolated populations within the same species.

Systematics, distribution and morphology of the newt parasitic water mites of the subgenus Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae, Hygrobates Koch, 1837), including the description of four new species and a key to all so far known species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4985 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
TOM GOLDSCHMIDT ◽  
KANTO NISHIKAWA ◽  
SHIMPEI F. HIRUTA ◽  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
JIAN-PING JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

Four new water mite species of the genus Hygrobates, subgenus Lurchibates (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) are described. Hygrobates (Lurchibates) macrochela sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in male and female; Hygrobates (Lurchibates) malosimilis sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in male, both new water mite species were collected from newts of the species Pachytriton inexpectatus Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui & Mo, 2011; Hygrobates (Lurchibates) incognitus sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in female collected from newts of the species Paramesotriton guangxiensis (Huang, Tang and Tang, 1983); Hygrobates (Lurchibates) fragmentarius sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in a single severely fragmented specimen (sex could not be determined) collected from a newt of the species Paramesotriton yunwuensis Wu, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010. Principal differences between the subgenus Lurchibates and the nominal subgenus Hygrobates s. str. are illustrated and discussed as well as the sexual dimorphism of Lurchibates. Morphometric analyses confirmed the morphological differences of ten out of the eleven so far described species (H. (L.) fragmentarius could not be included in the analysis); two morphological groups became evident mainly based upon the shape of the anterior coxae. These analyses as well provide an idea of possible phylogenetic relationships among the species. A key to all currently known species of the subgenus Lurchibates is given. So far the subgenus is restricted to SE-Asia, a map showing the distribution of all species is presented. 

scholarly journals IX. On the skulls of early tertiary suidæ, together with an account of the otic region in some other primitive artiodactyla

1927 ◽  
Vol 215 (421-430) ◽  
pp. 389-460 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Morphological Differences

Stehlin in his classic monograph on the “Geschichte des Suiden-Gebisses” has left little room for further descriptive work on the fossil forms of this group of mammals. I have followed his footsteps around most of the great palæontological collections of Europe, and have found no specimen of interest which has not received his careful consideration. All that I am proposing to do in this paper is to enquire anew into the relationships of some of the early members of the group. Stehlin’s main interest, as the title of his work indicates, lay in the dentition. He dealt carefully with the skeletal characters, but he came to them last. By reversing the process, and making skull characters my starting point, I am confining myself to a very small corner of the field, because valuable skull fragments are extremely rare and very unevenly distributed among the known genera. The consideration of big, indisputable morphological differences is alone possible: differences such as those by which we are accustomed to separate into families and genera the animals living to-day. The fossil forms can by these be divided into several well-defined and more or less nearly related groups. Any attempt to trace the phylogenetic relationships of the species within these groups is impossible on skull characters alone. There are certain families of early Tertiary Mammals which have often been regarded as allied or even ancestral to the Suidse owing to the similarity of their dentition. In seeking what further evidence their skulls might afford, I have been led very far from the true Suidæ into a study of the skulls of all the early Tertiary Artiodactyls in which these are known. The inadequacy of dentitional characters alone to solve the confused problems of Artiodactyl relationships has become more and more evident to me. The basicranial characters of the skull on the other hand, as being the most complex and the most conservative, the least likely to respond quickly to environmental changes, appear to form one of the surest guides—just as they have been found to do in the lower vertebrates, where they have been so much more carefully studied.

Characterisation of populations of Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1982 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the USA and other countries and incongruence of phylogenies inferred from ITS1 rRNA and coxI genes

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Usa

Needle nematode populations ofLongidorus orientalisassociated with date palm,Phoenix dactylifera, and detected during nematode surveys conducted in Arizona, California and Florida, USA, were characterised morphologically and molecularly. The nematode species most likely arrived in California a century ago with propagative date palms from the Middle East and eventually spread to Florida on ornamental date palms that were shipped from Arizona and California. This is the first validated continental record of this needle nematode species in the USA and the Americas. The USA populations ofL. orientaliscontained a small number of males that were not reported in the original description and are herein described.Longidorus orientaliswas able to survive for at least 4 years at very low numbers in the warm and humid environment of Florida on date palms imported from California and Arizona. Association ofL. orientaliswithL. africanuswas observed in all of the surveyed sites, indicating that date palm is a host of both nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships ofL. orientaliswith closely relatedLongidorusspecies, in addition to relationships between populations ofL. orientalisfrom the USA, Greece, Iran and Spain, were inferred from the analyses of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA and partialcoxIgene sequences. The PCR-D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA-RFLP diagnostic profile is provided.Longidorus orientalispopulations display a high level of intraspecific variation (up to 15.5%) incoxImtDNA sequences. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of nematode populations revealed incongruence of the ITS1 rRNA andcoxImtDNA gene trees, which might be the result of selective introgression of mtDNA through gene flow between previously isolated populations introduced simultaneously into new geographical regions.

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