scholarly journals Activation of AMPK by metformin improves withdrawal signs precipitated by nicotine withdrawal

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4282-4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Brynildsen ◽  
Bridgin G. Lee ◽  
Isaac J. Perron ◽  
Sunghee Jin ◽  
Sangwon F. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Multiple Health ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, with more persons dying from nicotine addiction than any other preventable cause of death. Even though smoking cessation incurs multiple health benefits, the abstinence rate remains low with current medications. Here we show that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hippocampus is activated following chronic nicotine use, an effect that is rapidly reversed by nicotine withdrawal. Increasing pAMPK levels and, consequently, downstream AMPK signaling pharmacologically attenuate anxiety-like behavior following nicotine withdrawal. We show that metformin, a known AMPK activator in the periphery, reduces withdrawal symptoms through a mechanism dependent on the presence of the AMPKα subunits within the hippocampus. This study provides evidence of a direct effect of AMPK modulation on nicotine withdrawal symptoms and suggests central AMPK activation as a therapeutic target for smoking cessation.

Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Treating Nicotine Addiction in Adolescents

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Maharaj ◽  
Sharon Ternullo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Time Course ◽  
The United States ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions

Cigarette smoking is the greatest cause of preventable death and disability in the United States. More than 3,000 children in the United States begin smoking each day. Smokers experience withdrawal symptoms that can be ameliorated by pharmacological interventions. These interventions include Zyban (Bupropion HCl), Nicorette gum, Habitrol patch, Nicoderm patch, Nicotrol inhaler, and Nicotrol NS spray, along with their generic counterparts. This article reviews each of these agents, the time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and presents a framework for assisting the nicotine-addicted student in smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Clustering of 27,525,663 Death Records from the United States Based on Health Conditions Associated with Death: An Example of big Health Data Exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Daisy J.A. Janssen ◽  
Simon Rechberger ◽  
Emiel F.M. Wouters ◽  
Jos M.G.A. Schols ◽  
Miriam J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Multiple Health

Background: Insight into health conditions associated with death can inform healthcare policy. We aimed to cluster 27,525,663 deceased people based on the health conditions associated with death to study the associations between the health condition clusters, demographics, the recorded underlying cause and place of death. Methods: Data from all deaths in the United States registered between 2006 and 2016 from the National Vital Statistics System of the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed. A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to create an ordered representation of the mortality data. Results: 16 clusters based on the health conditions associated with death were found showing significant differences in socio-demographics, place, and cause of death. Most people died at old age (73.1 (18.0) years) and had multiple health conditions. Chronic ischemic heart disease was the main cause of death. Most people died in the hospital or at home. Conclusions: The prevalence of multiple health conditions at death requires a shift from disease-oriented towards person-centred palliative care at the end of life, including timely advance care planning. Understanding differences in population-based patterns and clusters of end-of-life experiences is an important step toward developing a strategy for implementing population-based palliative care.

scholarly journals Tobacco Cessation and Referral to the National Quitline

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Julia Blocker ◽  
Janice Lazear ◽  
S. Lee Ridner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Cessation Rate

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States. The rates of smoking remain elevated in rural, low income populations in comparison with the rest of the United States. Thus, prompting the process improvement project of implementing the Ask–Advise–Connect (AAC) method to the national quitline in a nurse practitioner–managed clinic for an automotive manufacturing plant in rural Tennessee. Methods: Ask–Advise–Connect method was added to the current smoking cessation program. The employees who utilized the clinic were assessed for smoking status at each visit and subsequently counseled on cessation. Individuals interested in cessation were connected to the national quitline with the AAC method. Pharmaceutical options and nicotine replacement therapy was also offered at no cost to the employee. Findings: In the 4-month period, the clinic provided 102 tobacco cessation counseling visits to workers who smoke. Twenty-four employees enrolled in the cessation program. The participants reported a cessation rate of 12.5% and 21% had a significant decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked. Of the participants, 12.5% ( n = 3) engaged in behavioral counseling with the quitline. Conclusion/application to practice: The addition of the AAC method as part of the smoking cessation program had limited success. As smoking cessation is difficult to achieve, any success greater than 7% can be considered an achievement. The 12.5% cessation rate of the participants was above the national average. Thus, demonstrating the benefit of having a workplace cessation program and incorporating the AAC method to the current smoking cessation program.

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