Chapter 1. English news discourse from newsbooks to new media

Purpose. Today, new media play a crucial role in legitimating political relations. Theoretical background of the current research draws on the social cognitive approach to discourse studies. From this perspective, legitimization is understood as one of the major ways of establishing social dominance in the process of meaning negotiation. As the meanings in discourse can vary, discourse actors have tools to attribute components of meaning to specific affairs, for instance, political and social. An analysis of the news discourse aims to identify major mechanisms of establishing legitimacy of political decisions conducted by political institutions. The authors describe discursive features of constructing political decisions by applying the method of discourse analysis to the news on Venezuelan crisis, which took place in the winter 2018–2019. Results. As the study of the empirical data demonstrates, the British mass media tend to construct discursive representation of Latin America’s events by introducing of several groups of actors in the news on the Venezuelan crisis. Generally, these groups relate to socio-political hierarchy. They include individual, collective, institutional and international actors. By tracing the elements of their agency in Venezuelan crisis 2019 news, authors assume that their functions in news construction are directly connected to the mechanism of objectivation. Recognizing the informative function of media as one of the major, authors argue that this mechanism also relates to establishing legitimacy in discursive practices. The ways by which the actors of the events in the discourse on Venezuela have been embedded in the articles show the creation of increasingly formed belief in legitimate actions of the new opposition leader. Conclusion. The study contributes to the methods of discourse analysis as well as to the search for legitimization strategies applied by the media. The implications of the study include the comparative analysis of British and Russian new media discourse.

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The Voice of the Phonograph

Phonopoetics ◽

10.11126/stanford/9781503605213.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 27-70

Author(s):

Jason Camlot

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

New Media ◽

Literary Texts ◽

Sound Recording ◽

Media Technology ◽

The Voice ◽

Promotional Discourse

Chapter 1 analyzes the early promotional discourse surrounding the phonograph as a medium of natural fidelity and then situates the idea of the phonograph as a “pure voice” medium within the context of popular recitation anthologies in order to identify key elocutionary preconceptions that informed the vocal performances heard in early spoken recordings. In revealing the affinities that existed between late Victorian short spoken recordings and the brief texts meant for speaking aloud that were collected in nineteenth-century recitation anthologies, this opening chapter explains the preconceived notions about the phonograph as a new media technology and the significance of sound recording for the performance of literary texts, in particular.

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Chapter 1. Power, Politics, and the Promise of New Media: Newspaper Ownership of Radio in the 1920s

Sound Business ◽

10.9783/9780812205664.29 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 29-58

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Power Politics

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Keepers of the comments: How comment moderators handle audience contributions

Newspaper Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0739532920968338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 433-454

Author(s):

J. David Wolfgang ◽

Hayley Blackburn ◽

Stephen McConnell

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Professional Role ◽

Online News ◽

Traditional Practices ◽

News Production ◽

News Discourse ◽

Media Practices ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Insight Into

As news commenting has evolved as a participatory tool and journalists have developed traditional practices for moderation, there are questions about how to promote quality spaces for news discourse. Using gatekeeping theory, this study analyzes in-depth interviews with 13 news comment moderators to understand how these individuals establish moderation routines and define their professional role. This provides new insight into the journalist–audience relationship and the development of new media practices for online news production.

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Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.sepoct03 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 4-5

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Column ◽

Persistent Pain ◽

Illness Behavior ◽

Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽

Objective Basis ◽

Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽

Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

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Fifth Edition: the New Standard

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.novdec01 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

James B. Talmage ◽

Leon H. Ensalada

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Medical Information ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Practical Application ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

Medical Evaluation ◽

Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

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