Donc et les Consécutifs. Des Systèmes de Contraintes Différentiels

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Rossari ◽  
Jacques Jayez
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Propositional Attitude ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Type B ◽  
Basic Distinction ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Semantic Scope

In this paper, we investigate some syntactic and semantic properties of a subclass of consecution discourse markers, or "connectives", in French. Consecution connectives express causal, implicative, or deductive relations between propositional entities. Typical instances of the class in English are therefore, so, then. We study the specific properties of donc (resembling therefore) in contrast with de ce fait, du coup, and alors (which can be rendered by so or then in many cases). We first describe the surface position constraints for these connectives, and relate the observations to the general problem of adverb position. Next, we appeal to a basic distinction between illocutionary force, propositional attitude, and propositional content to explain some observed semantic scope differences among the four items. Focussing on donc, we turn to the problem of the (in)compatibility of these connectives with if-sentences, illustrated by the following contrast. (A) S'il fait beau, alors j'irai me promener If the weather is fine, (then) I'll have a walk (B ) ?? S'il fait beau, donc j'irai me promener If the weather is fine, (therefore) I'll have a walk We connect this difference with a variation in connexion "strength", a notion we substantiate in the final section by resorting to a version of generalized quantification. We also consider the influence of surfacc position on acceptability for examples of type (B), and we propose that this should be related to a difference in syntactic scope, which shows in explicative c 'est que structures as well.

scholarly journals Directive Illocutionary Acts by the Characters in The Movie The Boss Baby

HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Palella Tias Rahmadanni ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Parthama ◽  
Wayan Suardhana
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Content ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Illocutionary Acts

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe tindakan bahasa illokusi yang direktif dan menganalisa kekuatan tindakan bahasa yang direktif yang diucapkan oleh para karakter. Data diambil dari sebuah film yang berjudul The Boss Baby yang menggunakan metode penelitian perpustakaan dan teknik dokumentasi, lalu dianalisa dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Ada dua teori yang digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Pertama, teori directive illocutionary acts dari Searle dan Vanderveken (1985) untuk menganalisa rumusan masalah yang pertama. Kedua, teori directive illocutionary force dari Vanderveken (1990) yang digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang kedua. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ada enam tipe tindakan bahasa illokusi yang direktif, yaitu requesting, ordering, suggesting, warning, adjuring, and forbidding. Sedangkan kekuatan tindakan bahasa yang direktif mempunyai beberapa komponen yaitu the directive point, the mode of achievement, the propositional content, the preparatory condition, the sincerity condition, and the degree of strength of utterance.Kekuatan tindakan bahasa dikategorikan berhasil jika dapat memenuhi semua komponen tersebut.

scholarly journals Mehrsprachigkeit in transmodaler Kommunikation

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Katharina König
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
Discourse Relations ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The paper is concerned with codeswitching in transmodal WhatsApp messenger chats. Based on a corpus of text and audio postings from a group of German-Lebanese cousins that is complemented by ethnographic interviews, the study shows that language alternations can be associated with particular metapragmatic or indexical functions in the different modalities. In audio postings, switching between German and Arabic contextualises varying discourse relations. Also, the cousins use Arabic discourse markers (such as ya'ne, ‘it means’) frequently to structure their talk. In contrast, when they switch to Arabic in their text-postings – using Arabizi, a CMC-register in the Arabic-speaking world – this recurrently establishes a playful or ironic frame for ritual teasings. The final section discusses these transmodal and multilingual practices as multi-layered identity positionings vis-à-vis a monolingual society, their multilingual family and networked communities.

scholarly journals Desintegration versus Parordination bei 'obwohl'- und 'weil'- Konstruktionen

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Werner Frey ◽  
Federica Masiero
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Discourse Units ◽  
Semantic Properties

In the paper, German disintegrated verb-final 'obwohl' (‘although’) and 'weil' (‘because’) clauses are compared with constructions in which 'obwohl' and 'weil' precedes clauses with main clause word order. The former constructions constitute independent, yet subsidiary speech acts. Thus, the subordinating connectors and the positioning of the verb do not indicate syntactic but textual dependency. The latter constructions are of a very different kind. Here, 'obwohl' and 'weil' do not form a constituent with the following clause. Instead, they appear as syntactically independent discourse markers connecting two discourse units. As discourse markers, 'obwohl' and 'weil' obtain their special syntactic and semantic properties as elements of the derived, but independent module of Thetic Grammar.  

scholarly journals Presupposition, negation and trivalence

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIETER A. M. SEUREN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Natural Language Semantics ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Presupposition Failure ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Classical Truth

Close inspection of presupposition(= P-)cancelling and other metalinguistic negation data shows that natural language semantics must be (at least) trivalent, with the values ‘true’, ‘minimally false’ (assertion failure) and ‘radically false’ (presupposition failure). It is argued that presupposition is a semantic phenomenon originating in a distinction between two kinds of satisfaction conditions for predicates, the PRECONDITIONS generating presuppositions, and the UPDATE CONDITIONS generating classical entailments. The trivalence of language is a natural consequence of the acceptance of occasion sentences in an incremental Discourse Semantics. The logical properties of sentences are considered secondary and derived from their semantic properties. These include, besides propositional content, a speech act quality, specifying the personal commitment taken on by the speaker not only in respect of the propositional content, but also with regard to the linguistic forms selected. It is suggested that the classical truth-functional operators should be redefined as instructions under speech act commitment. The negation operator is singled out: it is redefined as an instruction to reject either an incrementable sentence, which may be a comment about a form used or to be used (P-preserving negation), or an already incremented sentence to be removed from the discourse along with some presupposition (P-cancelling negation).

Psychologism in Semantics

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McKinsey
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Wilfrid Sellars ◽  
Adequate Theory ◽  
Unresolved Conflict ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Semantic Properties

There is an unresolved conflict in points of view that continues to fester in contemporary semantics and philosophy of mind. According to one influential outlook, an adequate theory of semantic properties and relations would provide us with a better understanding of those psychological acts and states called the propositional attitudes. A theory of such semantic concepts as that of a sentence's meaning something, or that of a term's referring to something would, according to this point of view, be capable of yielding explications of such analogous psychological concepts as that of a thought's having a certain propositional content, or of a beliefs being about something. This program is sometimes called the ‘Analogy Theory’ of thought; since Wilfrid Sellars is the most forceful and creative proponent of this point of view, I will call it ‘Sellars's Program.’

scholarly journals Sprechaktbedingungen und bedingte Sprechakte: Pragmatische Konditionalsätze im Deutschen

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Pittner
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Content ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Discourse Coherence

This paper deals with conditional sentences which are not related to the propositional content of the sentence but rather to various aspects of the utterance that is performed. The main goal is to develop a typology of the functions of these conditionals. It is shown that in German there are no uniform rules for the positioning of these conditional sentences, but the possible positions vary according to the function of the conditionals. The main types of these sentences are (1) relevance conditionals, (2) conditionals modifying the illocutionary force, (3) conditionals characterizing the attitude of the speaker, (4) conditionals commenting on the formulation, (5) conditionals which indicate discourse-coherence and direct the attention of the hearer.

scholarly journals Perception as a propositional attitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Daniel Kalpokas
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Propositional Attitude ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Intentional Content ◽  
Perceptual Content

It is widely held that the content of perceptual experience is propositional in nature. However, in a well-known article, "Is Perception a Propositional Attitude?" (2009), Crane has argued against this thesis. He therein assumes that experience has intentional content and indirectly argues that experience has non-propositional content by showing that from what he considers to be the main reasons in favour of "the propositional-attitude thesis", it does not really follow that experience has propositional content. In this paper I shall discuss Crane's arguments against the propositional-attitude thesis and will try to show, in contrast, that they are unconvincing. My conclusion will be that, despite all that Crane claims, perceptual content could after all be propositional in nature. 

scholarly journals Translating discourse markers in theater

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tiziana Tarantini ◽  
Ruben Benatti
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Propositional Content

Abstract This article examines the translation of discourse markers in drama dialogue. Discourse markers are an important feature of spoken language, and unsurprisingly, they abound in drama dialogue. Yet very few studies have addressed the issue of discourse markers in theater translation. While some scholars suggest that discourse markers do not add anything to the propositional content of the sentence (Bazzanella 1994), our study reveals that it is very difficult to omit them in translation. In this article we suggest that an approach based on pragmatics could inform the practice of translating discourse markers in a playtext without overriding the importance of the rhythm of a spoken utterance, which is vital for rendering a play in translation (Bartlett 1996).

Zur propositionalen Realisierung der Aufforderungsintention in der Indirekten Rede am Beispiel des modernen Arabischen

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Content ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
The One

SummaryThis article is intended to be a contribution to the problem of reported speech in Arabic. A command can be presented as a locutionary or illocutionary act of utterance. The reporter’s interpretation of the speaker’s intention can only be described if one distinguishes the grammatically determined meaning from the utterance meaning and the communicative sense. This paper examines linguistic and semantic changes due to reported speech depending on the different structures of the original sentences. It becomes evident in which way reported speech is related on the one hand to the propositional content of the original utterance and on the other to the phrases indicating its illocutionary force. A special aim is to explain how focussing the locutionary reap, illocutionary act results in certain verbs and related that-clauses being used.

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