Environmental change, and plant amino acids and their derivatives - an introduction.

AbstractCooperative mutualisms are widespread in nature and play fundamental roles in many ecosystems. Due to the often obligate nature of these interactions, the Darwinian fitness of the participating individuals is not only determined by the information encoded in their own genomes, but also the traits and capabilities of their corresponding interaction partners. Thus, a major outstanding question is how obligate cooperative mutualisms affect the ability of organisms to respond to environmental change with evolutionary adaptation. Here we address this issue using a mutualistic cooperation between two auxotrophic genotypes of Escherichia coli that reciprocally exchange costly amino acids. Amino acid-supplemented monocultures and unsupplemented cocultures were exposed to stepwise increasing concentrations of different antibiotics. This selection experiment revealed that metabolically interdependent bacteria were generally less able to adapt to environmental stress than autonomously growing strains. Moreover, obligate cooperative mutualists frequently regained metabolic autonomy, thus resulting in a collapse of the mutualistic interaction. Together, our results identify a limited evolvability as a significant evolutionary cost that individuals have to pay when entering into an obligate mutualistic cooperation.

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Determination of qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids in garlic bulbs and leaves

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2017.v0.i3.8193 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

A. I. Fedosov ◽

V. S. Kyslychenko ◽

O. M. Novosel

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Amino Acid Composition ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Bound State ◽

Quantitative Content ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Amino Acids

Introduction. Plant amino acids have an important impact on functioning of various systems and organs of human body. In addition, they possess a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic properties, improve the digestion and potentiate the activity of biologically active compounds present in plants. Thus, the search of plant species that contain a large complex of plant amino acids and are used as food is of current interest. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) from Alliaceae family is one of such plants, and has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders.The aim of the study – to determine the composition and quantitative content of free and bound amino acids of garlic bulbs and leaves.Research methods. The amino acid composition was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results and Discussion. 16 amino acids were detected in garlic bulbs as a result of the experiment. Arginine (3.04 %) and proline (1.56 %) were found to be accumulated infree state, while glutamic acid (10.59 %), aspartic acid (6.06 %) and arginine (5.94 %) prevailed in bound state. 15 free and 16 bound amino acids were identified and quantified in garlic leaves. Glutamic acid (2.11 %), leucine (1.79 %), valine (1.77 %), isoleucine (1.52 %), treonine and phenylalanine (1.44 %) dominated infree state, and glutamic acid (28.49 %), aspartic acid (12.90 %) and leucine (7.61 %) prevailed in bound state. Methionine was found only in bound state in garlic leaves.Conclusions. The amino acid composition of garlic bulbs and leaves was studied using the HPLC method. 16 amino acids in both free and bound state were detected and their content was determined in garlic bulbs, while in garlic leaves – 15 free and 16 bound amino acids. The results of the experiment showed that methionine is present only in bound state in garlic leaves.

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INFLUENCE OF NPK MINERALS AND BIOSTIMULANTS ON THE GROWTH, YIELD, AND FRUIT NUTRITIONAL VALUE IN CV. ‘ŠAMPION’ APPLE TREES GROWING ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.1.20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Piotr Kiczorowski

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Microbial Product ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Plant Amino Acids

The study was conducted in 2015–2017 to assess the influence of rootstocks on the growth and fruiting of apple trees of cv.‘Šampion’ cultivated on rootstocks M26, P2. M9, and P22 with the following treatments: mineral fertilization (NPK), nano-concentrations of elements (Fe, Co, Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ag), natural chicken manure fertiliser, humus, microbial product, plant amino acids, and stillage yeasts. ‘Šampion’ apple trees grew vigorously on rootstocks M26 and P2 when humus and microbiological biostimulants were applied, especially in terms of the shoot diameter and TCSA. The best fruit yield and quality parameters were obtained in apple trees growing on rootstocks M9 and M26 fertilised with microbiological biostimulants and formulations containing plant amino acids. Apples with the highest concentration of nutrients, in particular minerals, were harvested from trees growing on rootstocks M9 and P22 and stimulated with nanoparticle mineral preparations and humus formulations.

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