scholarly journals Determination of qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids in garlic bulbs and leaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fedosov ◽  
V. S. Kyslychenko ◽  
O. M. Novosel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Amino Acids

Introduction. Plant amino acids have an important impact on functioning of various systems and organs of human body. In addition, they possess a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic properties, improve the digestion and potentiate the activity of biologically active compounds present in plants. Thus, the search of plant species that contain a large complex of plant amino acids and are used as food is of current interest. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) from Alliaceae family is one of such plants, and has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders.The aim of the study – to determine the composition and quantitative content of free and bound amino acids of garlic bulbs and leaves.Research methods. The amino acid composition was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results and Discussion. 16 amino acids were detected in garlic bulbs as a result of the experiment. Arginine (3.04 %) and proline (1.56 %) were found to be accumulated infree state, while glutamic acid (10.59 %), aspartic acid (6.06 %) and arginine (5.94 %) prevailed in bound state. 15 free and 16 bound amino acids were identified and quantified in garlic leaves. Glutamic acid (2.11 %), leucine (1.79 %), valine (1.77 %), isoleucine (1.52 %), treonine and phenylalanine (1.44 %) dominated infree state, and glutamic acid (28.49 %), aspartic acid (12.90 %) and leucine (7.61 %) prevailed in bound state. Methionine was found only in bound state in garlic leaves.Conclusions. The amino acid composition of garlic bulbs and leaves was studied using the HPLC method. 16 amino acids in both free and bound state were detected and their content was determined in garlic bulbs, while in garlic leaves – 15 free and 16 bound amino acids. The results of the experiment showed that methionine is present only in bound state in garlic leaves.

AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND NITROGEN-TO-PROTEIN FACTORS FOR GRAIN LEGUMES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
N. W. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Eleven grain legumes were analyzed for amino acids (AA), AA scores and essential AA indexes (EAAI). Nitrogen-to-protein (N:P) factors were determined from these data. Concentrations of AA per gram of nitrogen were relatively constant among species with the exception of the AA arginine, methionine, tryptophan and cystine which had coefficients of variation of 23–30%. On average, arginine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid accounted for 50% of the total of all AA. These grain legumes met adult human requirements for essential AA except for methionine and cystine which were deficient in all species. This resulted in an average AA score and EAAI of 56 and 89, respectively. The N:P factor was 5.6 for the 11 species but this value was 5.0 if corrected for nonprotein nitrogen.

scholarly journals The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pikosz ◽  
Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska ◽  
Beata Messyasz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae

AbstractFilamentous green algae (FGA) frequently forms dense mats which can be either mono- or polyspecies. While various defense mechanisms of competition in algae are known, little is known about the interactions between different species of FGA. An experiment in controlled laboratory conditions was conducted to gather data on the changes in amino acids (AA) concentrations in FGA species in the presence of exudates from different other species. The aim of the present study was to identify the AA whose concentrations showed significant changes and to assess if the changes could be adaptation to stress conditions. The major constituents of the AA pool in Cladophora glomerata, C. fracta and Rhizoclonium sp. were Glutamic acid (Glu), Aspartic acid (Asp) and Leucine (Leu). In response to chemical stress, that is the increasing presence of exudates, a significant increase in the concentrations Proline (Pro) and Tryptophan (Trp) was noted. The increase in Proline levels was observed in C. fracta and Rhizoclonium in response to chemical stress induced by C. glomerata exudates. As the concentration of exudates increased in the medium, there was a progressive shift in the pattern of AA group in FGA.

scholarly journals Apparent amino acid absorption from feather meal by chicks

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Bielorai ◽  
Z. Harduf ◽  
B. Iosif ◽  
Eugenia Alumot
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Magnesium Ferrite ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Lower Ileum

1. The apparent absorption values of individual amino acids from two samples of feather meal (FM) were determined in the lower ileum of chicks fed on diets containing magnesium ferrite as a marker.2. The average absorption values for FM amino acids were low, approximately 0.50, as compared with approximately 0.85 for soya bean, used as a control. Values for individual amino acids from FM differed distinctly, ranging from 0.20 to 0.70. Low values were obtained for aspartic acid, histidine, lysine, glutamic acid and cystine.3. An indication of the low absorption of the previously-mentioned amino acids was obtained by analysing the amino acid composition of the FM residues undigested by pepsin or pancreatin.4. The reasons for testing the apparent rather than the true absorption are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Growing Seasons, Locations and Planting Dates on Total Amino Acid Composition of Two Valencia Peanut Varieties Grown in New Mexico1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. H. Hsi ◽  
Clyde T. Young ◽  
Melchor Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Total Amino Acid

Abstract Two Valencia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, New Mexico Valencia A and New Mexico Valencia C, were grown at Arch and Los Lunas, N. M. All peanuts were grown under either sprinkler or furrow irrigation. Samples were obtained following harvest, hydrolyzed and analyzed in Raleigh, N. C. for amino acid content. With samples from Arch, no variety by planting date effects were noted for amino acid composition. With samples from Los Lunas, however, significant variety by planting date effects were noted for glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, isoleucine, and leucine. Planting date effects were found only for glycine at the Los Lunas location and phenylalanine at both locations. Significant variety differences were found for methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and lysine at the Arch location and for glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, and lysine at the Los Lunas location. A significant year effect, although small, was noted for about half of the amino acids (aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, and the sum of all amino acids) studied at the Arch location. Data at Los Lunas were observed only during the second year. The amino acid content agrees closely with that previously reported for other types of peanuts except for a 100% higher level of cystine found in this study.

The influence of formic acid and formaldehyde additives and type of harvesting machine on the utilization of nitrogen in lucerne silages: 2. Changes in amino-acid composition during ensiling and their influence on nutritive value

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Barry ◽  
D. N. Mundell ◽  
R. J. Wilkins ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Degradation ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryLucerne was made into ten silages using either a flail or a precision-chop harvester with application of formaldehyde or a range of rates of formic acid during harvesting. Amino-acid analyses were done on the silages and on samples taken from the herbage at ensiling.In excess of 70% of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine were destroyed in untreated silages when a flail harvester was used and in excess of 50% when a precision-chop harvester was used. Glycine, leucine, iso-leucine, valine and methionine showed little change, with net losses or increases of up to 10%, whilst proline, cystine + cysteine and phenylalanine were intermediate between these two categories. Net synthesis of alanine and α and γ amino-butyric acids occurred in the untreated silages. Increasing rates of formic acid addition, and the use of the precision-chop harvester, reduced the loss of the amino acids which were extensively degraded in the untreated silages and minimized the increases in alanine and α and γ amino-butyric acids. Formaldehyde treatment also reduced amino-acid degradation, apart from apparently high losses of lysine, histidine and tyrosine. It was concluded, however, that these losses arose through problems of estimation in formaldehyde-treated silages following HCl hydrolysis.It is suggested that the most probable precursors for alanine and α and γ aminobutyric acids were respectively aspartic acid, threonine and glutamic acid. Voluntary intake and the utilization of silage nitrogen by young sheep were related to the net changes in amino acids involved in decarboxylation reactions, the best measures of this being the interconversions involving the formation of alanine and α and γ aminobutyric acids. Deamination reactions appeared to be of much less importance in limiting silage nutritive value than those involving decarboxylation.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF STEVIA RAW MATERIALS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Evgeny Evgenievich Kurdyukov ◽  
Elena Fedorovna Semenova ◽  
Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Vodopyanova ◽  
Yakov Petrovich Moiseev ◽  
Olesya Petrovna Rodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

Dried stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) were used as objects of research. We studied the leaves of stevia varieties Ramon sweetener grown in the Penza region, the leaves of stevia varieties Ramon sweetener grown in the Tver region, Krasnodar region, the Republic of Crimea, as well as imported raw stevia from India and Paraguay. The purpose of this work is a comparative study of the amino acid composition of raw stevia grown in different conditions. The amino acid composition of stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) was revealed by capillary electrophoresis.13 amino acids were identified, of which eight are "essential" (lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine). The proportion of essential amino acids in stevia raw materials ranged from 2.99 to 4.64%. The content of interchangeable acids was: tyrosine from 0.24% to 0.36%, Proline from 0.44 to 0.68%, serine from 0.77 to 1.03%, alanine from 0.48 to 0.83%, glycine from 0.40 to 0.68%. The total amount of amino acids detected is higher in the Ramon sweetener variety grown in the Penza region (9.52%) compared to other samples, the lowest amount is found in stevia grown in Paraguay (6.46%). The results obtained indicate the prospects for further studies of the amino acid composition of Stevia rebaudiana and can characterize this species as a source of valuable medicinal substances with a wide range of pharmacological activity.

The amino acid composition of barley grain protein during development and germination

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Germination Process

SUMMARYThe amino acid composition of barley grain was studied during the maturation of the grain and during germination of the mature grain. Samples of the variety Proctor, grown at two nitrogen levels in each of the years 1969 and 1970, were analysed together with one sample of Sultan grown in 1970. It was found that during maturation the proportions of glutamic acid and proline increased and that the levels of these amino acids were highest in those samples with the highest total protein content. During ripening the proportions of lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, threonine and glycine decreased. On germination the proportions of glutamic acid and proline rapidly decreased whilst aspartic acid, lysine, alanine and glycine increased.The nutritive value of ripe barley grain is limited by its low lysine content. Whilst the germination process increases the level of lysine it is suggested that this does not increase the nutritional value of the grain due to the low level of cystine in the germinated grain.

scholarly journals A further study on the dietary-regulated biosynthesis of high-sulphur wool proteins

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gillespie ◽  
Andrea Broad ◽  
P. J. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Wool Proteins

When the diet of sheep is supplemented by the infusion of sulphur-containing amino acids or casein into the abomasum, the newly synthesized wool shows characteristic changes in its amino acid composition, with significant increases in cystine, proline and serine and decreases in aspartic acid and phenylalanine. This modification seems to be due entirely to an alteration in the overall composition of the high-sulphur proteins and to an increase in their proportion in the fibre. These variations are not the result of a change in the composition of individual proteins, but are due to alterations in their relative proportions and to the initiation of the synthesis of ‘new’ proteins, many of which are extremely rich in cystine. It is suggested that the heterogeneity of the high-sulphur proteins may be due, in part, to similar changes in composition caused by natural variations in the nutrition of sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of active yeast on productive traits of chicken-livers

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
O. Orishchuk ◽  
S. Tsap ◽  
О. Izhboldina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Combined Feed

The results of the studying of active yeasts Saccharomy cescerevisiae influence on the egg-laying capacity and morphological characteristics of the hens "NOVOgen brown" breed eggs are presented. 250 laying hens were divided into five groups of 50 birds. In scientific and economic experiment laying hens of experimental groups were fed with combined feed containing active yeast in the amount of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08% instead of a similar amount of soybean meal. The feeding of experimental hens was carried out twice a day with complete combined feed. The poultry was kept in triple- deck cages. During the study period, which continued 180 days, all groups received complete combined feed mainly from cereal. The results of the determination of the chemical composition of active yeast showed that they contain raw protein 46.77% by Kjeldahl method and 41.64% by Barstein method, non-protein nitrogen − 5.13%, raw fat − 2.96%. As a result of the research it was found that the level of exchange energy in 1 kg of active yeast Saccharomy cescerevisiae was 362.9 MJ/kg. The amino acid composition of active yeasts was characterized by the advantage of nonessential amino acids such as glutamic acid (14.5 %), aspartic acid (8.09%) and essential amino acid as leucine (9.2 %), lysine (8.9 %), phenylalanine (8.63%), isoleucine 5.6 %), threonine (5.5%) and serine (5.3 %). The high level of glutamic acid in the yeast improves the taste of the feed, which resulted in increased appetite and better in taking of the feed. Thus, during the entire period of scientific and economic experiment the egg-laying capacity of hens of experimental groups in relation to the control group increased: in the 2nd group by 3.69%; in the 3d group by 4.26%, in the 4th group by 6.63% and in the 5th group by 5.21%, and more eggs were received in the experimental groups from both the primary and the average laying hen. Despite the fact that in the 5th experimental group where hens received Saccharomy cescerevisiae in the amount of 0.08 % in the combined feed, the productivity of the poultry was slightly lower, but the egg mass, the yolk mass, the Haugh unit and the energy value were higher by 1.1; 11.6 (P<0.001); 1.9 (P<0.001) and 6.6 % (P<0.001) respectively. This is related to the best using of amino acids from this feed supplement. Key words: chickens, compound feed, amino acid composition of Saccharomy cescerevisiae, productivity.

The Isolation of Amino Acids from Rubber Latex

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
G. S. Whitby ◽  
H. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Cursory Examination

Abstract The following amino acids are shown to occur in the serum of the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, all except the last having been actually isolated from it: tyrosine, l-leucine, d-iso-leucine, d-valine, d-arginine, l-aspartic acid, i-proline, and phenylalanine. A cursory examination of the amino-acid composition of the heat-coagulable protein of latex has been made. A tabular summary is given of the results obtained by various workers to date on the amino-acid composition of latex and latex proteins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document